I just saw this on Facebook in the Travel Fashion Girl group and had no idea you could do this.
You just plug a number into the default calculator, then press the calculator icon (to the left of the zero). A pop-you menu will show you a “Convert” toggle button. Turn that on and it will convert the number to the currency of your choice. The default appears to be the Euro but you can change that to another.
You can actually leave it like that and it will continue to work as a converter, or go back to the icon and click “basic” to get back to the calculator function.
I don’t know if Androids have that option but it wouldn’t hurt to try.
Here’s a link to Apple Support that shows a photo and gives a bit more detail of the process
UPDATE: I am now using IOS 26 (releases in Sept—I have the Beta version), and it's a bit quicker now as they've placed the calculator icon in the upper right hand corner, so it's quicker now to toggle between the basic calculator and the conversion one. They've also made it a bit easier to zero out of transactions and start a new one.