I'm with Priscilla. I would not travel all the way to Barcelona for just one full day and a few hours. You have only 11 nights, and I don't think that's enough time to hit three large cities plus Granada, which is more awkward to get to than the other destinations. I'd hold off on Barcelona till your next opportunity to see it, when you can devote a more reasonable amount of time to the city and the many attractions of the surrounding area.
You might spend a couple of nights in Ronda, or you could add the time to Madrid to allow for visits to both Toledo and Segovia. Cuenca is also a great day-trip if you're not too late to snag a cheap fare on the AVE from Madrid. Note that it will probably be quite a bit chillier in the Madrid area than down in Andalucía.
I think you'll find that buying individual tickets is less expensive than a rail pass. Check the fares for your dates on Renfe.com. The Promo fares available far in advance are usually a lot cheaper than the Flexible fares offered at the last minute. You can save some money by purchasing Promo tickets once you're absolutely certain of the days and times you want to travel. Those tickets may not be available much longer, because they will be snapped by others.
For your day-trips, always consider buying a round-trip ticket. In Spain, a round trip is sometimes about the same price as the one-way fare.