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Shetland and the Language Barrier

Note: I just returned from 10 days in Shetland. I'll post a trip report when I can but I'm still jetlagged and dealing with bird photos, so it'll have to wait a bit. Pam's trip report is great and beat me to the punch! This post is just about...language.

Shetland is part of Scotland, Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, so everyone that a vistor might encounter there speaks English. Sort of.

Shetland has its own dialect, though it's not widely spoken. Locals have accents that to my ear sound very Scottish (makes sense, it’s part of Scotland). Local folks can probably easily tell the difference, but to my ear, the English I heard in Shetland sounded similar to that which you might hear in Glasgow or other parts of Northern Scotland. To me (a native American English speaker) it was generally easily understood; my wife, not a native English speaker, had more trouble. Occasionally I would hear someone whose accent was quite strong and required me to listen carefully so I caught every word. But I had one encounter that exceeded my ability to understand what was (I think) simply strongly accented English.

One day we pulled into the Tesco parking lot to pick up some groceries (Tesco is a major supermarket chain throughout the UK, the largest and best-stocked grocery store in Lerwick). We went there often.

On this day, the weather had been remarkable and spectacular, with clear, sunny blue skies, balmy temps in the 80s - unprecedented weather that had the locals buzzing in shock, awe and other reactions.

I parked in the Tesco lot and hopped out. A gent was sitting in his car next to us. I got out of my car and he out of his at the same time. We looked at each other. The guy was roughly the same age, size and shape as me (which is to say, of-a-certain-age, stout, relaxed, dressed very casually in a t-shirt and shorts). He had a scraggly short gray beard, was grinning from ear to ear, with a twinkle in his eye, staring at me, and smiling. I nodded to him and smiled back.

He said something to me, a sentence or two, then paused. I had no idea what he had said - I heard it, but hadn’t understood a single word. He was looking at me as if he was expecting a response. I replied something banal and upbeat, hoping it would fit as a response to whatever he had just said: “Beautiful and glorious day, isn’t it?” I looked up, gestured at the blue sky, waved my hands at the landscape around us, and smiled back. He said something else, this time going on a bit longer, another 2 or 3 sentences, chuckling at the end. I nodded in agreement, but still had not understood a word. We both smiled. I said something banal back at him, feeling like I was a human Chat GPT. “We don’t get this very often”, I said, adding “We all have to take advantage when we can, right?” He nodded, kept smiling, and then rattled off a long string of completely unintelligible prose - this time he went on a good long time (30 seconds or so), occasionally waving his hands, pointing out to sea at the horizon, he balled up a fist, smacked it into his other open hand, cocked his head to one side, then pointed at me. I laughed, smiled, nodded, and said “Yes, you got that right! Surely we live in amazing times, with miracles all around us!” We went back and forth with small talk like this for a couple minutes. Finally he winked at me, shrugged his shoulders, said something else I couldn’t understand, turned and walked away. I shouted at him something like “Enjoy your day, mate!”, he waved once more and disappeared into the store.

I stood there, realizing that I had just had a 2 to 3 minute-long conversation with a local, and had not understood a single word he said. My wife got out of the car and asked what we had been talking about. I confessed I had no idea. She just gave me that look. Then we went shopping.

Posted by
1512 posts

Ooh David in Seattle, you may just have touched a nerve there (at least for Shetlanders) on several levels. First in thinking Shetland is part of Scotland (and that Scotland is part of the UK), but mainly in thinking that Shetland's dialect (language according to those who speak it) is not widely spoken or that it comes from English (it's Norse in roots). All Shetlanders speak their language and they mostly switch to English when talking to outsiders. I have friends there who have told me this and I hear the language everywhere when I'm there. Some but not all is comprehensible to me as a native English speaker living in the west of Scotland.

Here's what the local tourist information site has to say about the subject. There are lots of videos on You Tube.....

Posted by
10291 posts

I agree with Skyegirl. When the Shetland TV crime series first started (it evolved over time) there were observations (possibly exaggerated) that it needed subtitles.

For complicated reasons I was involved for a number of years with the Church of Scotland presbytery in Shetland, and at times I didn't understand everything.
My formal role in that respect is now complete, but there is still a lingering informal link to the Church of Scotland up there.

It was also interesting in the Halls at the Lerwick Up Helly Aa (not the main public events) when the people were able to be just local. As well as not knowing all the "in jokes" not everything was entirely comprehensible

Shetland is actually closer physically to Norway than Scotland.

EDIT- In a similar way there is a Cumberland dialect. Come to the tourist parts of the Lake District for a few days and you won't hear it unless by chance you meet some one in the car park at Booths. But search it out and you won't understand a word. Not that hard to find it. It is also Viking in origin.
I've been here for 50 years and only have a rudimentary understanding.

Posted by
10967 posts

Love this. And I love the Orkney and Shetland Norse history.

Posted by
1766 posts

The Norse language of the northern islands, Norn, is extinct. There are efforts to revive it has there have been with Cornish and Manx.

Generally like most people in Scotland what is spoken is a form of Scottish Standard English, which is the language of BBC Scotland and STV, and as it says is Scotland's variety of standard English. Or what is spoken is a melange of SSE and Scots, or a dialect of Scots.

Scots is not a dialect, It is a language in its own right. Not Scottish Gaelic, which is a Celtic language related closely to Irish and Manx.
Scots evolved from the same West Germanic family as English, and a member of the Anglo Frisian branch which includes English, Scots, and Frisian, but evolved differently in different places, and had a different relationship to other languages than English. It has some older features not known in English anymore, and because it evolved in the north of Great Britain has more Norse elements than English which evolved in the south.

It also has had a similar influx of French to English, but not in the same way.

Shetland tends to speak a dialect of Doric, which is the form of Scots spoken in the NE, so Aberdeen and its environs.

What Scots is now, is similar to what some of the regional languages in France or Italy have become, in that it is a separate language to English, but it has evolved into something similar to a dialect. But Scots is a language.

Posted by
10154 posts

Ha ha, funny story, David! I've read all the Ann Cleeves Shetland books and there are many references in there about how the characters switch from the local language to something visitors will understand.

I had that problem in Yorkshire many years ago in the mid-90s. I was driving across the moors and got lost (pre-GPS) so I stopped to ask a man who was working near a road how to get to Whitby. He smiled and started speaking in an incomprehensible language, occasionally waving his arms for emphasis. Finally, he stopped, smiled and gave me an inquiring look. I think my mouth was still open but I managed to thank him, smiled back, and got back in my car, heading for who knows where. Eventually I got there, but it was my first taste of the local dialects.

Posted by
1766 posts

Until WWII and definitely before radio and television, accents and dialects could be indecipherable even quite close together. Plenty of stories of weddings in the 1950s and 1960s and before where the two sets of parents needed translators.

Posted by
15935 posts

Oh gosh, I am laughing! Our tour hotel was in Scalloway which had a nice pub patronized by the locals. I could barely understand one of the barmen but smiled and nodded at what I thought was appropriate times. After a few days I started asking him to repeat and he would just laugh, call me his Granny and pour me a gin and tonic made with Rhubarb and Ginger gin (my usual order!).

Same kind of thing happened on Orkney. I popped into a bakery at noon to pick up a sandwich. The guy ahead of me was clearly on a lunch break and a local. I could not understand a word of his order but apparently it involved a bacon butty, hahaha! I also had a conversation with 2 volunteers at the RNLI Lifeboat shop and the spouse of one of them talking about the Lifeboats, local waters, storms, etc. Seriously I just smiled and nodded...understood practically nothing but was happy they were happy to talk to me!

And yes to Tesco shopping! Did you park there and walk over to Clickamin Broch?

Glad you had fun and yes, to the Trip Report! Can't wait! You do NOT need to sort out all your bird pictures before you write, hahaha!!

Posted by
260 posts

LOL oh my gosh this had me laughing. Literally laughing, multiple times, prompting my husband to ask multiple times if I was okay, prompting me to read him multiple parts of the story, followed by reading him Mardee's Yorkshire and Pam's barman stories too lol.

Posted by
1612 posts

Last May we were in Shetland for a week, mainly for the folk festival. My younger son has a very good friend who lives in Scalloway and is married to a Shetland woman. We met her parents a few times and on the last night I said to her Dad that I thought that there was a hard to understand accent but I had been able to understand him clearly. He then launched into something and I have no idea what he said. He was used to speaking the local dialect but had been toning it right down when with us.

Posted by
1766 posts

I've got relatives who speak Doric, the Scots Dialect that Shetland is part of, but the Aberdeen area version. I don't have a particularly strong accent, because of this I often found I understood them better than colleagues with clear central belt accents.

So'

'Fit like?' (how are you)
'Chavvin awa' (fine), yersel? (your self)
'Nae bad (not bad)'

Please note again, this is not English, this is Scots. Scottish Standard English is a dialect of English and is the main official language of Scotland, Scots is a sibling language to English, like Dutch, Frisian, and Afrikaans are.

Posted by
109 posts

Great story! I really like the Orkney and Shetland accents, think Shetland is a bit stronger again.
On Shetland, while driving, I caught the weather forecast one morning on the radio. The female announcer was very brief and to the point.She said 'today, it's shooers; tomorrow, it's mair shooers.' I don't think there's any need to translate on that one:)