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Scorching heat grips the European continent

"The first heat waves of the summer are hitting Europe, triggering wildfires and health warnings. Weather forecasters say such phenomena are becoming more common each year. ... In Andalusia, in southern Spain, temperatures are set to climb to 43 C in a heatwave forecast to last until late next week. " See DW article for more details.

Such heatwaves are now occurring earlier in the year, which experts link to man-made climate change. According to the Spanish weather service Aemet, only two heatwaves were recorded in June between 1975 and 2000, compared to nine between 2000 and 2024. This year, too, temperatures of around 40 degrees at the end of May were similar to those in August. For actual end of June example see small Europe map with temperatures in °C.

In Southern Europe the temperatures stay higher between the heat waves than in the past decades and the heat waves regularly swap over to mid European Germany. The next days we will likely see temperatures up 40°C in South-Western Germany incl. tourist areas such as the Black Forrest.

"All across the EU, residents are being advised to remain indoors during the hottest part of the day if possible — generally from about 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. — though meteorologists say little cooling should be expected at night over the next week."

These changing conditions can have a significant impact for travelers because they want to stay and get around outdoors. Prevention reaches into early journey planning: travelers who suffer from heat are well recommended to choose wisely when they want to travel to a destination. In some regions late spring or early autumn become the summer we know from decades ago.

Posted by
9430 posts

Yep, we are fairly miserable in Frankfurt with 34-35°, but feel sorry for Spain or anyplace else that is hitting 40°. This happened here a couple of years ago and it is tough to live with. Little AC, and if it is there they run it kind of low. The buses, trams and trains can be really warm if not downright hot. They had to evacuate an ICE 2 days ago, due to broken AC.
Glad that we bought ceiling fans for 3 rooms last year. They really help.

Today is the European Ironman Championship in Frankfurt and I really feel for these athletes. Supposed to only hit 32°, but that is hot when you are doing a triathlon.

Wear loose clothing, have a siesta when it is hot, spend your time outside early mornings and evenings, bring your water bottle from home to fill at the fountains.

Posted by
10847 posts

It's miserable and, in Paris, getting extremely miserable the first part of the week.

I already saw a post on Reddit from someone who has paid for a tour to France and is dreading their tour days in Paris Monday and Tuesday and wondering whether they are going to be able to stick with their tour itinerary,

Projected highs here are 102 degrees F Tuesday and 101 Wednesday. That is just beyond miserable. I feel bad for anyone here as a tourist trying to see things.

Posted by
444 posts

There are 67 million olive trees in Andalucia that don’t like the heat. I learned on the RS Andalucia tour that this industry, that much of the world depends on, is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change.

Posted by
2041 posts

Yeah, it's going to be a long, hot, summer. People will die. And they still don't add AC to new houses...

I'm heading to Berlin. It looks like going north isn't going to help much. Might be time for the underground tour.

Posted by
3915 posts

Today is the European Ironman Championship in Frankfurt and I really feel for these athletes.

I fully agree. Patrick Lange is trying to win his first big competition in his home area. Since some of the athletes also start on Hawaii I did not mention it. I guess that the "coolpetition" fallback for these athletes is the annual Norseman triathlon in Norway's Hardanger area which has a little more brutal landscape conditions. The videos have goosebumps guarantee.

Posted by
3915 posts

It looks like going north isn't going to help much.

My North perception is different but agree not valid for Berlin. I lived in Berlin and have daily contacts to friends there. And Berlin is part of the problem affected areas since a long time; Berlin-Eiskeller is no longer what it was decades ago. If you go further North in Germany this makes a huge difference. German weather report sometimes show the million-forecast which shows expected temperature curves from the four German cities with more than a million people (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne). Hamburg shows always the "coldest" curve in summer months. In Schwerin we live cooler in the summer month. One additional factor are the lakes of Schwerin compared to the city area size.

Very special for Berlin is that heavy rain and thunderstorm clouds coming from Southwest in most cases split up before reaching Berlin. They pass by Northwest and Southeast of Berlin.

Thanks for remembering an important point with your comment: cities in general have a higher risk of heating up, especially in the widely sealed and closely built center areas. In Hamburg the average difference between the hottest and coldest places for the same time frame is documented up to 9° C which is a lot (see this article for details).

Posted by
11146 posts

It was 85f when I woke at 6 this morning. Heading to 104 today, Sunday here near the Mediterranean Sea. The mapped area in France reaches from the south to just north of Paris. This is a good time to head to Belgium or the Netherlands.

Indeed heat waves were rare here until around 2000. Now they’re yearly due to ocean currents. The air is coming north from Africa.

Posted by
855 posts

In Munich, I don't think it's that bad at the moment, as there's always been some wind. And thankfully, there's always a thunderstorm at the right moment. We'll see next week. I also live on the outskirts of the city, surrounded by forest - it's always cooler there. I open the windows at night and close the blinds completely during the day. It never gets above 72 °F in my bedroom.
And luckily, the office also has great cooling - water is pumped from the lakes surrounding the office complex into cooling elements on the ceilings. It works quite well and no classic AC is needed. As well there are more and more modern means of transport (trams, subways, buses) in Munich that also have AC and, thank goodness, aren't turned up to crazy cold temperatures. Something I always hated in the US and Asia, by the way. But the time will come when they'll install something like AC as standard here, but certainly environmentally friendly and energy-saving .... what else :-) :-) Until then, when I'm no longer living in the woods, I'll definitely get ceiling fans.

Today and tomorrow I'm out and about with a forum member, but I know he likes the heat. So, the heated concrete in downtown Munich tomorrow will, of course, be a little challenge but enough breaks, shade, and water will help. Today we're driving out of the city, so it should be bearable there. If necessary, we always have the AC in the car :-) We go to 'Wasserburg am Inn' - he sure will like it, and you hardly read about in the forum.

Posted by
22916 posts

Mignon, something I have noticed about the weather is that it changes.

Good chance the US citizen comes from a place as hot or hotter than they are going to experience in Europe. The last US city I worked in, the daily highs this time of year was around 110F. So 86F here is sort of okay. The humidity is low, and we get a breeze down the Danube, so I sit by the river and sip something good.

Many have no choice for travel but the summer and it can be great if they plan accordingly. The worst is late afternoon, so that's museum time ... or heck ... siesta, so you have energy for the evening. Maybe do a group tour, like a RS tour, that has the experience and resources to consider the weather a bit more in the daily plans. There are a hundred other options as well.

Rather than doom and gloom, let's use this great post to come up with ideas on how to cope, compensate, and overcome to have a great holiday.

The option for many is to stay home and never see the world. For me, at least, the more I complain about the heat, the more the heat affects me.

Posted by
7586 posts

*Parts of the European continent.

We had a nice 20°C yesterday and today the temperature is expected to peak at 23°C.

Posted by
2138 posts

Yes. Paris had derecho yesterday. Branches, wind and trees down and cars damaged.

Unfortunately climate change is happening and not wanting to talk about that isn't "doom and gloom". The weather patterns are changing.

For travelers in the summer there isn't much you can do except stay in a hotel with AC, bring a hat and small hand fan with you as well as drink lots of water to stay hydrated, don't over-exert yourself and of course do like the Spaniards and don't go out at noontime.

I do know that more of my German acquaintances are buying moveable AC units. The idea that AC is a bad thing in Europe is no longer relevant.

Posted by
923 posts

I kind of come from one of those places in the US where typical summer heat and humidity is about what is being experienced in parts of Europe. I can tell you that despite what was suggested, it is miserable, and I am not used to it despite living here for decades, and I would hate having to navigate my vacation through it. I think that is fair to state and not poo pooing on anyone's trip. Unless it is a beach vacation, that would be a bit miserable to deal with. Just drink lots of water, wear sun protection, use a hat, and duck in to places to explore that you usually wouldn't have to capture the AC.
How is the humidity over there? That is what causes true suffering (high temps in DC feels very different than high temps in Phoenix, for example, due to the difference in humidity).

Posted by
22916 posts

For travelers in the summer there isn't much you can do except stay in
a hotel with AC

Nope. Badger had a great idea that didn’t involve increasing the carbon foot print with more AC usage.

I bet this group has others.

do like the Spaniards and don't go out at noontime

It’s not exclusively a Spanish thing. It isn’t terribly uncommon if you get off the tourist trails in most of the Mediterranean. And traditionally it’s not a noon thing. Understanding the hottest part of the day and using the break as a tool in planning one’s day to beat the heat a a great idea for tourism.

Maryam, you are correct its more than temperature and the humidity can make quite a difference. I grew up in Houston where the summers were so muggy you couldnt breath. I understand DC is the same way. In Budpaest not the humidity rarely gets above 40 and in the 30's is more common, so I am a bit more tolerant of higher temperatures here. We also have what is almost a constant breeze coming down the river so i head for the river in the heat of the day.

I talked about ways of coping cause some people will never be able to travel outside of the summer and thats a reality for them. One is in the summer I ride the underground more often between 3 and about 6pm. Cool way to get around. Mornings and evenings are trams.

Posted by
511 posts

Last year we had 12 days over 40 deg where I live. 8 to 10 is an average year, 23 in 2019. Record temp is a tad over 50.
In 2018 we were in France in July for 3 weeks. I think we had 19 days between 32 and 38. We loved it as we were coming from a pretty chilly winter. Most days were very active, I typically was hitting up over 30,000 steps on the Garmin. No AC in our dirt cheap hotel rooms. Just chucked a damp towel on the bod when we went to bed. Kept up the fluids, all good.
In Nepal from Thangboche to EBC and back top temps were never above minus 5 C and dropped as low as minus 25 C. You just gotta deal with the cards your dealt and get on with it.

Posted by
88 posts

We didn't have air conditioning for most of my childhood until 1978 when Grandpa bought a window unit for their bedroom, and then installed a curtain in the hallway so I would get some cooler air in my bedroom, too. It was heaven!

But if you like sleeping with temperatures in the upper 70s and low 80s, then good for you. Science says otherwise for the vast majority of people.

Yes, I know some people have this sort of fake pride about not having AC, but it sure did improve our quality of life with better sleep that also helped with better health. I'm sure some people thought cars, radio, electricity, and TV were either a fad or somehow unnecessary toward quality of life. Scientific studies have proven that people sleep far better in cooler temperatures, and I've learned that repeatedly during military deployments where all we had was a big fan at the end of a bay that blew hot air on us. It wasn't fun. Returning home to AC I slept like a log.

Posted by
22916 posts

Okay if we are going to talk about Europe and AC. Where I live most of the citizens live in 100+ year old apartment blocks. The construction is not less than a meter thick exterior walls made of brick and plastered both sides. This creates a thermal mass effect, meaning the heat takes a long time to get through the wall and by the time it does, the temps outside have already cooled again (night).

The result is my flat is comfortable during the day, even on the hottest days, but not as comfortable at night when the heat finally works its way through the walls. So, I run my tiny little AC in the bedroom from 10pm until 6am and my place stays at 78F more or less all day when its 90F outside. Our humidity is about 35% so 78F is comfortable. Many of us are fortunate enough to have windows at the front and into the courtyard. Us lucky devils get a little chimney effect going that makes them comfortable without the AC as long as the temps dont get too high.

So, hint for tourist in August. Rent an AirBnb i an old classic building. One with an AC of course. But even without the AC you might be surprised how comfortable it is until the outside temps get close to 90F.

Another hint. Look at the averages for where you want to go. Look by day, not by month or find a site that has a graph. You might find that temps ramp up slowly to the hottest day, but then drop quickly after the hottest day. Sure, you are playing the odds here, but still worth doing as you might get lucky.

Posted by
539 posts

We're looking at it only getting worse from here going forward.

How much, how fast...

Posted by
818 posts

Yes MarkK, the temperature in Odda, Hardanger fjord, and my dad’s hometown is a comfortable 19C.

I live in a city that historically didn’t need AC in homes. Four years ago this week we had our first unprecedented heat dome and 600 folks died from the heat/dehydration. I live in my childhood home and the tolerable upstairs bedroom of my youth now has a heat pump on that level to make the increasingly hotter weather bearable.

I am definitely someone who chooses travel dates and temperatures based on heat temperatures. I have been caught in May and September in parts of Italy and France where it was unpleasantly warm for me. Historical weather data are becoming less helpful as there are too many ‘exceptions’ to the ‘rule’.

Posted by
10847 posts

The big storm in Paris wasn't yesterday. It was Wednesday, the 25th.

Posted by
3915 posts

The AC discussion can be shortened in two main points.

More efficient than ACs are outside shutters or other ways that the heat from sun does not get into a room. Temperatures behind windows in sun can be reduced from over 30°C down to around 23°C.

Operations of ACs is a problem when the power for operations is not generated from renewable sources. Sure, the production of an AC has a environmental footprint as well. But climate change is clever and comes more often with hefty and gusty winds which reduce the possibility to use outside shutters to avoid damages.

Also a great but rare way to cool down households in cities is district cooling, the opposite of district heating. In the future some centrally located hotels in cities might benefit from this. In Germany for example the city Munich is working on this (link to more details).

In coastal towns and cities the biggest cooling option (ocean water temperature) is unused currently. Water cooling systems from rivers showed some problems in the past, likely most popular was the need to get nuclear plants off grid because the cooling was not longer sufficient from heated and water reduced rivers.

Posted by
539 posts

"Historical weather data are becoming less helpful as there are too many ‘exceptions’ to the ‘rule’. "

Not only that. The swings are getting bigger.

Posted by
539 posts

Our need for AC is a lot from how we've been able to throw structures up cheaply here (US) and the older structures in Europe where heating was the biggest problem. We have to throw money/tech at it now while new structures are built more efficiently with the passives builtin.

Posted by
22916 posts

More efficient than ACs are outside shutters or other ways that the
heat from sun does not get into a ....

If the ambient air temperature is 40C, shutters will not make your home cooler than 40C. Shutters can, when on a window receiving sunlight, help to prevent the indoor temperature from exceeding the ambient air temperature. So if you want cooler than the ambient air temperature you are going to need AC.

Posted by
11146 posts

Seventy-five percent of French homes do not have air conditioning. People use shutters, fans, hydrate, eat cooler foods. It's miserable for anyone living in a city where the heat is stored in the stone or concrete of the building materials. Buses are barely air conditioned in Paris, if at all. The metro can be unbearable. My thoughts are with those living through this and the coming heat waves living in cities and trying to continue with normal lives.

Posted by
539 posts

"So if you want cooler than the ambient air temperature you are going to need AC. "

Not true anymore, though I doubt the shutters spoken of have it. Several solutions for new passives, this is two:

https://www.sri.com/fcd_technology/self-cooling-paint-a-passive-radiative-cooling-solution/

[snip]
Self-Cooling Paint is a passive radiative cooling solution – without requiring any power or electricity, it can cool down any surface up to 5-8 ºC ( 8-12ºF) below ambient air temperature, and 10-15 ºC (18-25 ºF) below an uncoated surface based on internal tests*.

https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/archive/releases/2021/Q2/the-whitest-paint-is-here-and-its-the-coolest.-literally..html

[snip]
How the whitest paint is also the coolest
The paint’s whiteness also means that the paint is the coolest on record. Using high-accuracy temperature reading equipment called thermocouples, the researchers demonstrated outdoors that the paint can keep surfaces 19 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than their ambient surroundings at night. It can also cool surfaces 8 degrees Fahrenheit below their surroundings under strong sunlight during noon hours.

edit: IIRC, the first one radiates a lot more in the infra-red/heat band than most substances, as well as the visible. So it can radiate to the sky or nearby surroundings if they are lower temperature. The second is just a much better reflector.

Posted by
2030 posts

I spent the last week in London, where it never rose above the upper 80s. But they're expecting mid 90s for the next few days, so I feel like I got out just in time. Other than my hotel room and in West End theatres, there was no air conditioning to be found, not in restaurants, not in the tube, not in any museums. The other day I went to the V&A and it was so hot in there I couldn't stay. I felt ill. In every room the docents were sitting in front of fans.

I'm now in Bergen. Current temperature is 53. It's heaven!

Posted by
539 posts

My current horror phrase is "Wet Bulb temperature".

Don't look it up if you don't want to be depressed.

Posted by
22916 posts

Wet Bulb. Use to have to swing them. LOL RobertH the subject is a part of what I did for over 40 years.

And for your paint, not at Home Depot or OBI and i wouldn't hold your breath.

Posted by
539 posts

"And for your paint, not at Home Depot or OBI and i wouldn't hold your breath."

Naah. Probably Puff/Prestige projects first. The ones that don't need them.

Then, who knows? Some might trickle down. Eventually.

Posted by
1762 posts

You will find restaurants in London with AC. It depends what sort of place it is. Electricity is very expensive here so they’re not going to run it if most customers are sitting outside or if the doors and windows are all open.

Hot weather is not that common in Britain and we do kind of like it - huge numbers of people go abroad every year in search of guaranteed sun. It’s a real treat for us to be able to eat outside, for example. We can have whole summers here where it’s rarely possible, like last year.

Posted by
7586 posts

If the ambient air temperature is 40C, shutters will not make your
home cooler than 40C.

Yes and no. Shutters will not make your home cooler, but they can prevent it from getting hotter. So if it's 20°C inside and outside in the morning, shutters can help the inside air stay cooler. So it the outdoor air peaks at 40°C, the indoor air might only peak at 28°C if you have shutters blocking the sunlight.

Posted by
22916 posts

Shutters will not make your home cooler, but they can prevent it from
getting hotter.

Agreed. So in southern Italy, unless you are comfortable with the daily temps, get a hotel room with a good AC.

Posted by
855 posts

Yes and no. Shutters will not make your home cooler, but they can prevent it from getting hotter.

That's exactly what I do. I air the house all night (a German hobby), and during the day I close the shutters and, of course, the windows. That keeps all the heat out.

By the way, you can also find many joke clips on the topic of 'the Germans are airing out their house all the time" :-) My favorite is the one by 'liamcarps' from the UK, who has lived in Germany long enough to know our peculiarities. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_TaXiLs2_go

Posted by
3171 posts

European houses are traditionally made of stone, with walls in the south being quite thick. In houses like that keeping the interior cool even during a heat wave is doable without AC. That is what these houses were designed for. Keep closed during the day, open at night.
Bonus is you get lots of fresh air, and the interior is not turned in to a fridge by an AC.

Because, honestly, I hate AC. I hated how I had to put on a jacket whenever I entered a building in the Middle East. And in some parts of the US you have the same issue. Predictably I come down with a cold, and I once even had to short a business trip because of it.

When I still worked in an office in Bern we also had the occasional heat wave in the summer. The building had cooling, but not AC, and was actually quite agreeable to work in. They would wash the building with cool night air and that kept the building nice till early afternoon. So we would just come to work in shorts and t-shirt, start early and then knock off at 15:00 to go swimming in the Aare. Live with the weather rather than fight it by throwing energy and resources at it.

Posted by
539 posts

"Live with the weather rather than fight it by throwing energy and resources at it."

That works for short heat spells. When the night temp doesn't cool down, and the building retains a lot of the heat of the day, then the next day heats it up more, then...

I've lived in those too. "Cooling off at night" doesn't work then. Luckily those heat domes/whatever aren't that frequent.

Yet.

Posted by
12607 posts

. They would wash the building with cool night air and that kept the building nice till early afternoon. So we would just come to work in shorts and t-shirt, start early and then knock off at 15:00 to go swimming in the Aare. Live with the weather rather than fight it by throwing energy and resources at it.

Great idea .... just knock off when it gets warm

How we does that work for hospitals, nursing homes, police & fire departments, utilities etc? oh, never mind just take a dip in a lake or river and commune with nature

Posted by
3323 posts

I’m in Canterbury right now, beginning the RS South of England tour. It isn’t the heat that’s a problem, it’s the humidity. Yesterday was 85f, very doable until you add 55% humidity. But as soon as the sun starts to set, the temp dropped down to a very comfortable 70f.
(Anyone taking this tour, be aware that Canterbury Cathedral Lodge has no AC and windows only open 3” for minimal airflow. There is a fan. Nice hotel otherwise.)
London last week was warm but cooled off nicely at night. Only uncomfortable place was the British Museum. Dripping sweat hot.

Question for those living in Europe:
When I was a kid in the ‘60s, we had a window AC unit. Just cooled one room but helped with the airflow. Since there’s no wiring involved, plug into an outlet, is there something like that to help you survive the heat?
We also turned the furnace fan on (no heat) which helped move air through the house.

In the meantime, drink lots of water. Dunk a glad rag in ice water and put in on the back of your neck: it helps cool you. In the pre-AC days in Arizona, people soaked sheets and hung them in open windows. Breeze passing though was cooler.

Stay safe everyone.