By chance I noticed our hair dryer has a MANUAL SWITCH indicating 120v vs 240v. If I hadn't seen this we would have simply plugged it into an adapter thinking it defaulted to the 240 circuit :-/
The instructions that came with the hair dryer should note to switch to either 120v or 240v.
I switch to 240v before I put it in the suitcase.
Generally if it is an ELECTRONIC device like a cellphone, computer, charger, etc. then it will switch automatically. Some of them don't (rare) so you need to check the ratings on the small print.
However ELECTRIC devices like hair dryers and straighteners are either not compatible or have a manual switch on it as they do not contain the necessary circuitry.