AMS is a good airport. I've exited the EU there 3 times since March (last time in November). There have been a lot of changes over the last few years -- nearly all have been for the better. Passport control is much more efficient now with the addition of numerous automated facial-recognition lanes, including for US passports.
You’ll also go through security again before your onward flight to the
US.
This has changed. Since March, everyone who exits passport control is funneled past 1-2 airport employees who randomly select travelers for security/baggage screening, sending "the chosen" to the right; the vast majority of travelers walk straight past the airport employees to go directly to their gates (most don't realize a selection is happening). For those selected for the security screening (me in March), the line is short, and the process pretty quick.
The only screening at the gates now is just some rudimentary security questions as your passport is scanned (e.g., Did you pack your own bag? Has anyone else had control of your bag?), unless you have the dreaded SSSS on your boarding pass. No more D1/E1 security gate mess (ended in March). No more baggage screenings at the gate (ended 3-4 years ago).
I was able to go gate-to-gate in about 30 minutes all three times I departed the EU through AMS this year; two of those had connection times of 90 minutes (including the one where I was selected for the post-passport-control security screening), and I made it to my departing gate well before boarding began.