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How to see the Northern lights, a short guide

There have been a couple of questions in the forum about where to go in order to see the Northern lights/Aurora borealis. So in order to not have to repeat myself, here is a short guide on how to see the lights.

While I do like to keep my anonymity on the forum, I live enough north to be able to see the lights every now and then, and I can understand why people travel to see them, they are beautiful. And when I was at university, I did study related subjects so I have a bit of understanding for how they work.

The most important thing to remember is that the lights are a natural phenomena. They might show up, or they might not. There are no guarantees. But knowing a bit about them can increase your chances.

  1. Are there Auroras? The light form when charged particles from the sun enter the atmosphere. There is not a constant stream of particles, it varies a lot. Monitoring solar eruptions means it's now possible to give a decent prediction of the lights, there a number of websites and apps available. Find one you like. Just remember that the predictions are nowhere near perfect. If the lights show up, they form around the so called the Auroral oval, at around 65-70°N. The stronger the lights are, the further away from the oval they can be seen. The solar activity is tied to the solar cycle which is a roughly 11 year cycle, and we are probably very close to a peak.

  2. Clouds. It doesn't matter how beautiful the lights are if the sky is covered in a thick layer of grey clouds. Booking a trip after looking at the weather forecast is rarely helpful as the weather probably will change. But some locations are cloudier than others and that can have a huge impact on your chances of actually seeing the sky.

  3. Light pollution. An obvious factor that can be overlooked. The best place to see the lights is somewhere dark. If the lighs are strong, it doesn't matter if you're standing next to a streetlight. But if the lights are faint, location can be the difference between seeing a great show and not seeing them at all. And sometimes a small distance reduce the light pollution a lot. The moon can also have an effect, so for the optimal trip look up the moon phases before going.

So, what is the best place to see the lights? Good question, I'm not going to name a single place the best, because no place is the best. But some might in general be better than other. Finding a place at around 65-70°N is in general a good idea, the lights can be seen outside those latitudes, but the closer you are, the better your chances are. That is also the reason going to Svalbard to see the lights is a bad idea, it's too far north.

Finding a place with a low chance of clouds is also good. And one of the reasons that Iceland and the Norwegian coast has some problems. The gulf stream brings a lot of warm water to the north atlantic, some of that water evaporates and then condensates as clouds. The Scandinavian mountains increases the cloud formation along the coast and keeps the clouds there. Going to Iceland is not a bad idea, it is a great place to visit. But if the northern lights are the main goal, I do not recommend Iceland.

Then there is also light pollution as well as looking at what fits your trip in general and other considerations. Northern lights tours are often marketed in many towns in Northern Europe. They can be a good option, as they will look at the cloud cover and usually find a place where the lights are visible. But be aware that they can sometimes drive very far, so be prepared to spend many hours in a van.

Posted by
6865 posts

So where should you go? This is written from a European point of view. But to be honest, if you're from North America, don't disregard Canada or Alaska. But if you want to go to Europe there are many places. One popular place (and for a reason) is Abisko in northern Sweden. It is a small village, and the tourist station is just outside the village meaning very little light pollution, and it's east of the mountain peaks so very low risk of clouds. A lake next to it means an unobstructed view to the north and there is a viewing platform on the nearby mountain top that can give you great views. In addition it is easy to get to, there are direct overnight trains from Stockholm.

The disdvantage is that it is a small village, and while there are plenty of activities available during the days and a restaurant at the tourist station, there is not a lot more to do. If you're looking for a museums or cafés or city life in general, a larger town can be a good idea. Tromsø is rather popular, it offers most things a city offers. The drawback is that it's a coastal city at sea level so it can be very cloudy. And even if the sky is clear, a large town means a lot of light pollution. There are tours available but they can drive very far during a night. A smaller town that can be considered is Kiruna. It's inland and at around 500 m.a.s.l. the risk of clouds is smaller. But it is also a smaller town and there are less things to do.

Some cruise lines have started to market "northern light cruises". And while a ship certainly has mobility as an advantage, it is also rather slow and is limited to the ocean that often can be very cloudy. The north Atlantic can also be very rough in the winter.

But there are many more options you can look at. I really can't say that one place is the best place, but hopefully this will help someone.

Posted by
7674 posts

We see some occasionally in our north part of Idaho, and I’ve seen them in Montana. But, to see them in a place like Sweden would be spectacular!

Posted by
3494 posts

One other factor to mention is the moon and what phase it’s in. A bright moon can really impact your viewing.

I live near Anchorage and while I have seen the lights numerous times, we have cloud cover often. We have friends from Seattle who have the lights on their bucket list, so we have arranged a trip to Fairbanks with them in March. Fairbanks is better for viewing the lights because the skies tend to be clearer. But still, we have told them its a crapshoot! No guarantees!

Posted by
17253 posts

Excellent topic. Thank you, Badger.

Here is good source of information on the science of the aurora, and suggestions for viewing, from the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks:

https://www.gi.alaska.edu/monitors/aurora-forecast

I will address the “where to go” question from the North American point of view. Because of their high latitude and dry climate (meaning fewer cloudy nights), Fairbanks, Alaska and Whitehorse, Yukon are often cited as offering aurora seekers the best chance of seeing the lights. March is the driest month in Fairbanks, with an average of 15 mm of precipitation, followed closely by February and April.

https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-precipitation-Rainfall,Fairbanks,United-States-of-America

Combined with the tilt of the earth’s axis around the time of the equinox, these factors make Fairbanks in March a good choice for aurora seekers. I can validate that from personal experience, as I lived in a cabin outside of Fairbanks for 7 winters in the 1970’s, and had many opportunities to enjoy the aurora (as long as I was willing to get up in the middle of the night). Plus lots of sunshine during the day for XC skiing.

Posted by
2535 posts

We have seen them on all of our trips to Alaska, but we are either in North Pole or 250 miles north of there.

On all 3 of our Iceland winter trips, we have seen them. Two of those trips, the lights were in their full glory, even right in Reykjavik itself. That was surprising, especially as the odds on one of the nights was very low. That one night, we could see the visit greens with the naked eye right up at the church, even with all of the light pollution there and the church all lit up in pink. It was actually better there than when we were down at the harbor just a few minutes earlier, which shows that you never know and how fast they can come and go. We head back in 2 weeks and I hope so we them, but are not counting on it of course.

Posted by
4061 posts

Now you’ve got me wondering about the chances of seeing them on an overnight flight to Europe. I know that there are many factors to think about but at that altitude (no clouds), no light pollution and the extremely northern path of US west flights to Europe, maybe if I always choose seats away from the wing lights on the left side of the plane I might increase my chances to see them and stay warm at the same time? Not being able to sleep on an overnight flight would also be to my advantage. Thanks for the guidelines, Badger.

Posted by
2535 posts

Mona--We have seen them from the left side of the plane. That was on our February trip and we saw them about an hour or 30 minutes before we land in Keflavik.

Posted by
6865 posts

Thank you all for your replies.!

One other factor to mention is the moon and what phase it’s in. A
bright moon can really impact your viewing.

Good point! I've updated the post.

Posted by
344 posts

chances of seeing them on an overnight flight to Europe.

We saw a tiny bit of the Northern lights on a JFK-LHR leg. My seat was near a galley & the FA's were looking out a tiny window. I asked them what was going on. They let me look. It was just the edge of the NL & not the full overhead view

Posted by
210 posts

On Explore.org right now there is a channel for the Northern Lights in Alaska. I have it on in my NC mornings sometimes while I'm working. Would love to see them in person sometime. Was in Ely, MN lots of times in my adult life & saw them very faintly there.

Posted by
469 posts

On our Sept flight to LHR passengers on the left side opened the window shades and we (on the right side) were able to see a window full of bright green. Will have to think about a left side seat next time...

Posted by
10043 posts

Badger - thank you so much for this comprehensive post ! This is certainly something I am very interested in -- bookmarking now !

Posted by
755 posts

This is very helpful information. Seeing the Northern Lights is one of the few things left on my bucket list.
Thank you so much Badger!

Posted by
6865 posts

There are apps and websites, but they are far from perfect and can only give an indication.

The magnetic pole is what your compass points at. The geomagnetic poles are two antipodal points that can be described as a theoretical average of the magnetic field. And for the northern lights, the geomagnetic poles are what counts.

Posted by
49 posts

Hi Badger,

Thanks for your post. Very timely (for me), as I am hoping to pull together a last-minute trip to Greenland this March specifically in hopes of seeing the Northern Lights from the ice cap (yes, some tours take a few hardy souls out on snowshoes in the dark!), or at least very near it. Wish me luck!

Posted by
49 posts

P.S., I am hoping that Greenland is far enough north that they may be visible (except for the possibility of clouds, fog, etc) during the upcoming Spring Equinox.

Posted by
6865 posts

Greenland is large, but some areas are in a good latitude. However, the equinox is a bit late if seeing the lights are important.

Posted by
3413 posts

One tip if you plan to take a night tour in Iceland for the N. Lights: book your tour for your first night there.
That way if the tour is cancelled due to low chances of seeing them that night, your tour can be rebooked for a subsequent night.
Then you won’t, hopefully, miss out.
That’s what happened to me.
The company cancelled on my first night of four.
I think it was the third night I finally got to go with the tour and saw them.