Ronald,
I concur with Pat. If possible, go from late April to mid-June for the weather and for fewer crowds. Of course, I am aware that it depends on the transatlantic sailings that are available. Whenever you do go, please opt for the 40 days in Europe (and longer if possible). You have listed 8 countries. At 40 days, that gives you five days per country, not counting the time traveling between them. Figure it could take a day to check out of lodgings, get to the train station, train time, get to new lodgings and check in, and you will have probably a few hours in the late afternoon or evening at your new location. Now you are down to 4 full days per country on average.
I suggest you take the time to figure out what you want to do and/or see in each country and prioritize your plans based on that. You may find that you will trim your list of countries to visit, or trim what you see and do within them. In your time frame I would expect you to mostly stay in one city per country (in general). Also, try to see what options you will have for train travel. If going from major cities and towns (e.g. Paris to Amsterdam) your options would be quick and many. In other cases, a lot of the day will be spent on the train. It just depends on your route.
Over 50 years ago hubby and I visited the same 8 countries (plus Vatican City and a toe put into Scotland) over 4 months. We picked up our VW there and drove it all over for 3 months, then shipped it back to the states. That took a month, so our last month in Europe was carless. With that trip in mind, I have a lot of understanding of your plans to see as much as possible in your time frame. We were much younger and fitter, could get about quickly, and had the time available, so we got to know many countries. We also did it on the cheap, sometimes sleeping in our VW bug, or in a farmer's field in the super cheap sleeping bags we bought in Marseille. We used Frommer's "Europe on Five and Ten Dollars a Day". We even had one room for $3.00 for the night! We stretched about $3000.00 over 4 months for everything (food, lodgings, gas, entrance fees, tolls) and had a ball, but today, with 40 days, I personally would opt for no more than 4 countries, maybe 5. As I said above, take a look at what you want to get from each country and see if it is possible in your time frame.
I wish you all the best for a fabulous trip! And who knows, maybe it won't be the only one!