This article focuses mainly on US restaurants, but scroll down for practices in Europe, such as charging for tap water. And then there is this:
If you go to Spain in the summer, remember that a new law makes it legal for restaurants and bars in the Andalusian region to charge a premium for seating you in the shade.
https://www.fodors.com/news/news/los-angeles-restaurant-is-charging-customers-for-security
It is good to know this in advance, and check the menu for other possible surcharges, so you are not surprised, and do not try to argue against legitimate charges that may appear on your bill.