very interesting.
when England (all 4 nations did it differently, Scotland first) banned free single use plastic bags (except for fruit, veg, deli and fish counter) they put a small charge on. This was mandatory across the country except for small corner shops. Then department stores, all other stores were added, then the price went from 2p to 10p. People were encouraged to buy "Bags for Life" for a small charge and reuse them and now disposables are gone. Now the newer bags are north of £1.00. Some places give non-petroleum, usually potato starch or cellulose based, compostable fruit and veg bags but most charge for reusable net bags for veg and fruit.
There are some cloth carrier bags around but very few other than in very "aware" areas such as university towns, some heavy grade plastic or non-woven synthetic, but many are a heavy nylon and they last a very long time.
I have a collection of many reusable bags from various stores. My favourite is one from a German supermarket south of Freiburg im Breisgau, Hieber's Frische Center. What a supermarket - such quality. If they were a department store they would be Nordstrom or Harrods.
I haven't used a single use plastic bag since the law came in. And I live in a town well away from London or large universities.
Parenthetically - magazines now come in compostable corn or potato starch bags, or a few in paper envelopes where 2 years ago they all came in plastic, and plastic envelope windows have virtually all been replaced by various non-petroleum windows.
Most take-away food from chain restaurants now comes in paper bags with nice handles. I reuse them until they fall apart.
Nandos likes to see me turn up with a reused Nandos bag!!
It is a shame we didn't start earlier.