We are travelling in late September 2012 wondering what is the best method of transport car or train. Also can we take the gondola from Chamonix to la palud then on to Aosta?
I think this is a brilliant idea! You'd need to get from the Italian base of the gondola into Aosta somehow, maybe beg a ride from fellow passengers? Looks like its quite a long train ride so perhaps driving to Chamonix would be best. What an adventure!
There are some bundled tickets that include a trip from Chamonix to La Palud + bus back to Chamonix (or bus to La Palud then cable cars/gondolas back to Chamonix).
You can take a gondola from Chamonix to the Aiguille du Midi, another gondola across the glacier, and another gondola down to La Palud. You can take a bus from La Palud to Aosta. See this article by Rick Steves. If the weather is bad you can take a bus from Chamonix through the Mont Blanc tunnel to Courmayeur and on to Aosta.