we are leaving hamburg on friday or sat 5/20-21 & want to go to Nuremberg, Ragensberg and possibly Wurzburg & Augsburg-or quaint medieval towns. We might even like to get to Prague instead of or in addition to another location. We are flying home from Nunich on the 28th. What would be most practical or cost effective means of transport?
For 5/20, I found a direct ICE from Hamburg to Nürnberg, 4h34m, lv Hamburg Hbf at 8:53. Had you booked months ago, you could have bought a SparPreis ticket for both of you for €49. At this late date, the best you can do is €129 for two. But considering ViaMichelin estimates fuel for a compact car to cost €75 for the trip (5h27m). Once you get to Nürnberg, you can make day trips to Regensburg, Würzburg, Augsburg for €29 for a day for both of you with Bayern tickets. Suggestion, Bamberg is close. If you want to go to Rothenburg, which is in the Nürnberg transit district and only about 1½ hr away, you can get a VGN TagesTicket for the entire district, all day, for 2 adults for €15,60.
If you look at the train schedules, I think you'll find Nuremberg to be the most convenienty-located for daytrips to the other places you mention. There's also a direct bus connection from there to Prague. But there's a lot to do in Franconia if you choose not to visit Prague. Besides the larger places that Lee has suggested, there's Bad Windsheim and its Franconian Open-Air Museum: http://www.stripes.com/military-life/travel/bad-windsheim-time-travel-at-franconian-open-air-museum-1.102354 Other small villages with half-timbered buildings, old town walls, castles and fortifications, towers, moats, etc. include Iphofen, Weissenburg, and Pappenheim. Then there's also the "Beer Road" - which sounds a bit dangerous, I know, but which connects 8 different private breweries lying between Bad Windsheim and Uehlfeld, about 30 miles; there's a bike path too. http://t3-kundenserver.de.dedi661.your-server.de/typo3/tourismusserver/cms/index.php?id=322