I am assuming you are looking up the times on the DB website, that is the one to use: https://www.bahn.com/en/view/index.shtml
Start off by just looking for Munich to Belfort. Use "Belfort Ville", the station in the town, not "Belfort-Montbéliard TGV" which is on the High Speed line outside the town. Do not specify a route, let it pick the fastest route for you.
You do not want any train the goes via Zürich, as that would cost you more to transit Switzerland. If it goes via Strasbourg or Basel it is OK.
For example:
München Hbf dep 09:28, Mannheim Hbf arr 12:28
Mannheim Hbf dep 12:45, Basel SBB arr 14:54
Basel SBB dep 15:15, Mulhouse Ville arr 15:44
Mulhouse Ville dep 16:19, Belfort Ville arr 16:59
Or:
München Hbf dep 11:28, Mannheim Hbf arr 14:28
Mannheim Hbf dep 14:39, Mulhouse Ville arr 17:08 (via Strasbourg)
Mulhouse Ville dep 17:19, Belfort Ville arr 18:00
You could also cross from Germany to France direct on other lines, but I think that they would all be slower.
Then zoom in to show all the stops. If you are crossing at Strasbourg, the last stop before Strasbourg is Kehl, and that is the last German station. Your pass covers you to Kehl, and you need to buy a ticket from Kehl to Belfort, on whichever train you choose.
If you are crossing at Basel, that is the border station.
As this is a French train, you need to buy it on the SNCF site, or trainline.eu