I am going to be studying abroad in Florence Italy and I have 12 days of exploring with a friend at the end of my studies. We want to visit Greece (Islands), Spain (Barcelone,Ibiza), and Amsterdam in those 12 days. What is the best and cheapest route to take on Eurorail or flights?
Regardless of the cost, you have just 12 days and you've picked 3 places (Greece, Spain and Netherlands) that aren't exactly right next to each other.
Look into flying - plenty of discount air carriers in Europe - or spend 12 days in countries that are adjoining and save the other countries for another visit.
You won't be able to do any type of Eurail pass as it is required that the countries share borders (i.e. Germany, Switzerland and Italy). Italy doesn't need to share a border with Germany but you get the idea. For the cheapest way to travel in Italy, ride the Regionale (R) trains. They take longer as they stop at every stop but they are 50% less expensive than the Eurostars. To get from Spain to Italy, the train takes about 16 hours.
You might want to look into a flight from Barcelona to Pisa on Vueling. There are numerous budget airlines in Europe. Take a look at www.whichbudget.com. The further in advance you book, the cheaper the flight. The closer to flight time, the more expensive the flight.