Spain trains:

The lead time for most railroad schedules is around 60 days. Just use a date next month for times and fares. There will be only minor changes, if any, by next October. You can easily buy tickets once in Spain. There is train station office in the Madrid airport. You seldom need advance reservations even at busy times.

You can purchase up to 62 1/2 days in advance...since the fares start loading in at midnight, Spanish time, you could start booking anytime after 3 pm the afternoon before at your location. It sometimes takes an hour or two to get all the new data loaded, but you'll still get a jump on Europeans. That's important if you want to take advantage of the discount tickets, which can be up to 60 per cent off. Go to http://www.renfe.es/horarios/english/index.html then click on "Buy Tickets" at the top center...don't enter any data on this page. When the new page opens up, the left side, in English, will allow you to input origin and destination, and date.
Madrid-Barcelona at the ticket window range from about 109 to 129 Euro for "Turista" (second) class. If you get a "Web" special fare, you'll only pay between 44 and 52 Euro...quite a savings! Madrid-Sevilla regular is between 70 and 78 Euro...the Web special is between 28 and 31 Euro. These tickets are printable at home.
For Madrid-Toledo, you can only book 30 days in advance, and there's no break off the 9.45 Euro fare. But if you want to guarantee seats on a specific train, to maximize a day trip, for example, you might still want to book these as well.
Travel times from Madrid to....Barcelona, 2:40 to 3:25....Sevilla, 2:20 to 2:40....Toledo, 30 minutes.

I went from Madrid to Toledo and just purchased my tickets at the station. Should be easy as it is a popular destination. You'll love Toledo!