Do all trains from Garmisch to Salzburg go through Munich? Is this the shortest route? Thank you.
It is the shortest route (at least timewise). There are some other routes. You could go by bus to Bad Tölz, then by train via Holzkirchen and Bad Aibling to Rosenheim, from Rosenheim to Salzburg. You could also go from Garmisch to Innsbruck via Mittenwald, then Innsbruck to Salzburg via Bischofshofen. The other routes are scenic but would take longer.
Your best bet would be to take a bus down to Innsbruck, and get on the train there. Garmisch is just northwest of Innsbruck on the Germany border. Your scenery will be incredible.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen to Innsbruck by bus? I've been on that route between Garmisch and Seefeld, Austria (on the border), by train, and it is scenic. There's a train direct (no changes) from Garmisch to Innsbruck via Seefeld in 1h19m. For a bus route, neither the Bahn or Austrian Rail had a complete schedule. I had to put it together using the RVO and VVT website. RVO runs one bus from Garmisch to Mittenwald. VVT runs a series of three buses from Mittenwald to Seefeld to Telfs to Innsbruck. Total trip time is 3h48m. Unless someone knows of a direct bus, I think I'd prefer the train.
Thank you for the information.