Care to provide a decoder sheet?
Full fair price codes are travel vernacular used to describe thier corresponding class of service: F for First Class, J for Business Class, and Y for Economy. Premium Economy is W, but also new enough to not really have passed to the vernacular.
The hard product is the plane and the seat. The soft product is the service, including service items such as food/drink, dishware, headphones, bedding, etc...
The JV is the Joint Venture—in this case, the OneWorld transatlantic Joint Venture. Most people don't realize that the VAST majority of flights between North America and Europe are controlled by just three companies. What started as "code share alliances" evolved into integrated business units operating as one, coordinating schedules, setting pricing, and sharing profit between the parent airlines. Not all Alliance members are part of that group's JV. The OneWorld JV is made up of British, American, Iberia, Finnair, and, just recently, Aer Lingus. StarAllince is United, Air Canada, and all the Lufthansa Group airlines—Lufthansa, Swiss, Austrian, Brussels, and Eurowings Discover. SkyTeam is Delta, Virgin, and the eponymous carriers of the AirFrance-KLM Corporation. The airlines have different JV's for markets other than transatlantic.