Install the Google Voice app on your phone before you leave the US. Then, you can use the app to call any US phone for free, even landlines. (Though you will still need to be on WiFi or mobile data.) The person you are calling does not need Google Voice - obviously you can't install an app on a landline. Google will give you a new, second phone number to use with the app.
Skype works in same way but isn't free for the calls. At worst you can use Skype and buy credit in $10 blocks to be able to make cheap voice calls to US phones. In the past, Google did not allow prepaid phones (which Straight Talk technically is) to use Google Voice like this, but things may have changed since then - not sure. I'd install Google Voice now and try it out. if it works now, it will work in Europe. (For texting too, using the Google Voice app.) But it works with your new Google number, not with your Straight Talk number.
You still need WiFi (or mobile data) to use Facetime, WhatsApp, Skype, etc. If you can get Google Voice to work, that's free for the calls you want so that's how I'd go. I've been using Google Voice for years.