What would be considered the minimum number of days that one could spend in Amsterdam to have a sufficient experience of it (thinking of stopping over on the way back from Turkey)?
Jason, it depends on what you want to do and see. IMO I would say that 2-3 days will give you plenty of time to get a feel of Amsterdam.
Mike's 2-3 days makes sense. You should be able to see all the sights within Amsterdam in that period
Jason, I agree with the previous replies. I was there last September and that time frame should allow time to see the major sights.
I'd aim for three days. You want time for walking along the canals, as well as seeing major sights; also time to sit at an outdoor cafe if the weather's nice. Amsterdam is such a walking city - make the most of it.
Good information for Amsterdam. Would you add a couple of days if you wanted to visit some of the areas around the city, for example, The Hague, Delft, Haarlem?
Of course. If you wanted to do some of the wonderful day trips you could easily spend a week. In addition to the places listed also consider the once every ten year Floriade horticultural show in Venlo: http://www.floriade.com/