I need some advise for my arrangement. From Cesky Krumlov to Linz - by shuttle bus, Linz to Salzburg - by train, (2 days) Salzburg to Munich - by train (2-3 days) Then heading to Rothenburg, then Heidelberg and Koln. In Munich, is it good to visit the Neuschwanstein Castle by day tour and depart to Rotenburg from Munich or
Munich to Fussen, visit the castle and head on to Rothenburg? In Germany, I plan to travel by train from Munich, till Koln. Is this is best way I do it? and I do about few trains changes from Munich to Rothenburg, is my whole trip planning practical and can be done in train? And it's 2 of us, Bayern Ticket is cheaper? Please advice. Thank you!
Bayern is the German name for Bavaria, one of the states (Länder) in Germany. (See here for a map of the Länder). The Bayern-Ticket is valid for travel within Bavaria and to a few border stations (Salzburg, Kufstein, Ulm) outside Bavaria. For travel in other states, there are tickets similar to the Bayern-Ticket. (Click on a state on the map to see it's Länder-Ticket). Munich, Fuessen, and Rothenburg are in Bavaria; you can use the Bayern-Ticket to get to them. Heidelberg is in Baden-Württemberg. Länder-Ticker travel in that Land is with the Baden-Württemberg ticket. From Heidelberg, you have to go through Rheinland-Pfalz (or Hessen) to get to Köln. Instead of using multiple Länder-Tickets to get from place to place over Land borders, there is the Quer-durchs-Land-Ticket for workdays after 9 AM for €42 for one person, €6 more for each additional person up to 5 total. The Q-d-L-Ticket is valid for travel by regional trains all across Germany. On weekend days, there is the Schönes-Wochenende-Ticket for €40 for similar travel for up to 5 people without the 9 AM limit. You shouldn't need a car. All the travel you mention can be done easily by train for a lot less than a rental car. Along with Switzerland, Germany has the densest rail system in Europe.
So can I get the Bayern Ticket at Salzburg if I travel from Salzburg to Munich?
Yes. I haven't actually bought one in the Salzburg Hbf, but some people said they did before the renovation of the station. I've seen a map that shows German Rail automats, which would sell the Bayern-Ticket, on the platforms during renovation. I also would not be surprised to see the Austrian ticket automats in Salzburg selling Bayern-Tickets. I saw the Bayern-Ticket for sale in an automat in Neumarkt-Kallham, which is in Austria, some distance from the border.