You have mentioned sights but no other interests, art, cities, history, etc. Knowing that would help picking stopping points. Zurich is a major hub for international travel from the US, so arriving and departing from there might be easiest.
The Glacier Express goes from St. Moritz to Zermatt or the other way around, and the Excellence fare includes train travel from your starting point on day 1 and back to your next preferred stop on day 3. That is three of your ten days. Question 1 - When? At the beginning, in the middle, at the end of your trip. Of course, you can see the Matterhorn from Zermatt, so question 2 is how much time do you want to spend in Zermatt? Question 3 then is can you use the Glacier Express Excellence ticket back from Zermatt after a day(s) stop in Zermatt?
The Jungfraujoch is in the Bernese Oberland accessed from Bern or Lucerne through Interlaken. Getting back to Berne/Lucerne is easy enough from either end of the Glacier Express, and you can go on to Interlaken/Lauterbrunnen/Murren/other villages from either of those places in a few hours. It might be nice to spend two nights in Lucerne though to slow the trip down a bit, and plan to spend the day on the Lake steamer that goes the length of the Lake of Lucerne. You can also take the steamer one way, and a train back to shorten the trip.
Berne, Lucerne and Zurich all have outstanding museums if you are interested. I particularly like the Swiss National Museum in Zurich and the Marc Chagall windows in the Frauenkirche myself.
Some examples:
https://www.landesmuseum.ch/en
https://www.myswitzerland.com/en-us/experiences/zentrum-paul-klee/
https://www.luzern.com/en/things-to-do/art-culture/museums-castles/museum-rosengart-collection/
For myself, doing the Glacier Express either at the beginning or end of the trip would make the most sense. I also particularly dislike staying only one night in places, but that is me. A possible circular route could be - a full day in Zurich to get over travel (nights 1 and 2 in Zurich) - train Zurich to St Moritz (night 3 in St Moritz) - Glacier Express to Zermatt (night 4 and 5 in Zermatt) with a day touring the Zermatt area - train back to Bernese Oberland (night 6 and 7 in the Oberland, I like Lauterbrunnen/Murren) and a Jungfraujoch day trip - train to Lucerne (night 8 and 9) and spend a day on the lake or in the lovely town - train back to Zurich for afternoon departure on day 10.
