Good information from Bern, but the question is "I have about 2-3 days available in Zurich next year."
I do wonder if despite the text the actual reply is in fact from Zürich. It looks more likely. But Zürich HB to Winterthur is less than half an hour (I didn't like Winterthur unlike some here and wanted to get away to Zürich) in my experience so the 75 minutes doesn't match up there...
Bern isn't an hour from Bern, although walking up the Gurten from the river might take that long. Good views from the funicular and from the top of the Gurten.
There is in my experience plenty to see in Appenzell without a car.
The Luzern should be closer to an hour from Zürich, or 1:15 from the airport. If I went from Luzern to Bern I couldn't do that in 45 minutes. I'd prefer using the secondary route through the Emmental (where the cheese comes from) operated by BLS. The longer SBB route is nowhere as scenic.