Most of us do not recommend a day trip to Tangier--or any trip to Tangier, for that matter. Morocco is a wonderful country with many fascinating cities. Tangier is not a good introduction. There are flights to worthwhile destinations like Fes and Marrakech from many cities in Europe, so Morocco can easily be included in another trip to Europe; you needn't settle for a rushed day trip to Tangier. If you take a tour, there's a very good chance you'll be spending a chunk of your limited time listening to the spiel of a carpet salesman; guides get commissions.
Another issue is that getting to Tangier is a slog from just about anywhere in Spain a tourist wants to be. I've never heard of anyone going to Algeciras or Tarifa for any reason other than to get the ferry to Tangier. ViaMichelin estimates the pure driving time from Marbella to Algeciras (Tarifa takes longer) at over an hour. That doesn't include dealing with parking at the dock in Algeciras or the need to allow extra time to be sure you meet the embarkation time.
Your base isn't really conveniently located for the places you want to see, but Tangier is way down at the bottom of the list. If you're willing to spend 5 hours or more in transit (which I wouldn't want to do), you'd do better to make a second trip to Seville.