With WhatsApp, your phone number is more like a userid, which you can use to sign in to your WhatsApp account from any phone with any phone number - including your own phone after you install a new SIM.
So no, your WhatsApp "userid" will continue to be the phone number that you used when you set up WhatsApp
Calls/messages on your existing WhatsApp account will still come to your phone, even after you install a new SIM
Regular texts and phone calls (not on WhatsApp) will not come to your phone after you install a new SIM
1a. You can, if you wish, set up a new WhatsApp account with the phone number of the new SIM card.
Disadvantage - you'd have to give that new phone number to your existing WhatsApp contacts.
Advantage - you can use that WhatsApp account to call local businesses.
Note: you can only be logged in to one WhatsApp account on a device at a time.