The senior discount card (initial)...can you only purchase this in person at the station
You need to purchase the first Tarjeta Dorada in person at a station. It costs €6- and they just need to sight your passport. But I am not sure if you can use it on all the high velocity (AVE) services. It has some restrictions based on which day of the week you are travelling. It looks like an airline boarding pass (we had expected something the size of a credit card) and has a very lengthy number (nine digits) that you need to type in on the website or if using a ticket machine at a station. It's not fun trying to type it in on a screen when your reading glasses are packed away and there is a line of people behind you waiting to buy their tickets.
One of us is eligible for a Tarjeta Dorada (my husband is 73) and one of us isn't (me, 59). We found that purchasing our train tickets in advance worked out less expensive than waiting and buying one senior fare and one general adult fare. The advance purchase discounts were significant - around 30% for some of our trains. We caught 15 trains in Spain (Feb to April 2023) and only used the Tarjeta Dorada option for four of them.
Do you have to register online for an account before you can purchase a ticket? Does it allow two travelers to purchase tickets in one transaction or do we both have to register and purchase with separate transactions?
As I said in my previous post, there are less expensive options than Renfe on the route you want. I ended up creating an account at both the Trainline and Renfe and then using the Renfe account for some of our trains and the Trainline for others.
One big advantage of the Trainline is that they sell tickets further in advance than Renfe - for the same trains - and show you the competitors. Iryo and Ouigo use the same stations and tracks as Renfe. As they are new in the market they are offering lower prices to attract customers, but we found the travel and on board experience almost identical.
I found the Trainline website/app easier to use than Renfe. Once you register for an account you can set up traveller profiles. If you have a Tarjeta Dorada you just register it against the traveller profile. You can then buy both tickets in one transaction. I got all of our tickets as PDFs and then just saved them on my phone. You can print them if you want. Ticket collectors will scan the QR code either at the station or on the train.
The Renfe app was less user friendly for us because we were buying tickets in two different fare categories (adult and senior) and I had to keep manually typing in my husband's Tarjeta Dorada number each time.
If you buy a ticket for a Renfe train it will look the same whether you buy it from Renfe or from the Trainline. The Trainline issues a Renfe ticket for a Renfe train.