You won't really 'cover' anything. It is hard to make choices, but you need a priority list of what you want to see (not cities you want to see - sites). Choose the first 2 and visit those cities. You will still be using up numerous hours of each day just in transit.
I don't know how to get to Lisbon from Spain, but it seems that Seville is the common departure town.
When is this? Darkness drops early in November onwards, so things like the Alhambra closes at 6pm. Also, what are the days of the week? Numerous things close early on Sunday and not at all on Monday.
It takes 5 hours by bus or train to Granada from Madrid. If you leave at 7 or 8 a.m. and get a taxi to Alhambra, you could squeeze it in the same day but the best part is the Nasrid Palace and that requires timed entry tickets and they often sell out online.
If the White villages are one of the 2 items on your list, then overnight Granada, rent a car and drive one way to Sevilla visiting Ronda enroute. This leaves one day in Sevilla. Spain seems to have no one-way drop off fees so that is one advantage.
Keep in mind many recommend 2 nights for Granada and 4-5 nights for Seville.
If you want a slightly more sane approach, train Madrid to Cordoba, storing bag at the train station, rush around Cordoba to see the Mesquita and whatever else you can fit in, then continue on to Sevilla until you depart for Lisbon.
It it is of any use, I use Rome2Rio to create a travel plan. It gives times per travel mode (of course, not including all the time required to wait at airports or train stations). Also know it isn't reliable for costs or travel schedules, but it might put things into perspective for you.
