Having been to Spain five times now (with number six in the works), I completely agree with the above posters. You will arrive in the morning, but probably won't have slept that well on the plane. Day 1 will be half taken up by just getting into town from the airport, getting to your hotel, and getting oriented. That doesn't leave much time to "explore". Even after five visits to Madrid, I haven't done everything I want to do there. I would leave Toledo and Segovia for another visit. And as others have said, Barcelona deserves much more time and is too far out of your other cities. Trust me, that train route is not the most scenic part of Spain. Sevilla is going to be a really long haul from Madrid. Have you thought about a cheap flight instead of the train? Granada needs much more than a day, particularly since you would probably spend most of the day at the Alhambra. Is Day 9 the day you fly out of Madrid to come home?
I kind of work backwards when planning a multi-city trip. I look at the travel times from one place to another, add some time for waiting, getting turned around, unpacking and repacking, meals, etc. Then I see how much time I have left, realistically, to do what I have planned. Sometimes you just have to make the hard choice to cut things because otherwise you spend your whole trip trying to stay on schedule, and that can ruin the whole trip.