Can I drive in Scotland with a Canadian drivers license?

Yes, you can. An International Driving Permit is required by law in some counties, but not Scotland.

To expand on Peter’s reply, in most of Europe you need an International Driving Permit IN ADDITION TO your Canadian driver’s licence. The IDP is a document that verifies that the foreign driver’s licence that the person is carrying is valid, even though it is in some unfamiliar language. A Scottish police officer will be able to read your home licence, whereas a Greek officer may not.

I've driven many places in Europe and never was told I needed anything more than my California driver's license.

The UK government determines which overseas licenses are accepted. The rules vary depending on which country issued your licence and whether you are in the UK as a visitor or as a resident. This official UK government portal will help you determine whether your licence is valid.

The simple answer is .......yes.