I think you need to apply before you go to the Netherlands, and it's my understanding it can take some time to work your way through the process. Check the detailed requirements carefully; I think you'll find there's documentation you have to provide in support of your application--possibly proof of income and/or assets, proof of health insurance, etc. Pulling that information together in the form required by the Netherlands might well be easier if at home, aside from whatever the policy might be about where you must apply.
Back in 2015 I met an Australian couple who had succeeded in getting a long-stay visa for Italy. They made three trips to the nearest Italian consulate before their supporting materials were deemed acceptable. Different country, I know, but still.