Amsterdam late May w/ college age boys - need suggestions

Gouda has their cheese market on Thursdays. We visited Edam for their similar market (Wednesdays) and it was fun. Traditional Dutch clothing, local band, stalls selling various food items, and of course delicious cheese. It’s early in the morning so you would have late afternoon back in Amsterdam free.
We’ll be there early June, but not on a Thursday. We plan to visit Gouda anyway.

It is a full day trip but we really enjoyed the Historic Triangle. A bit rushed but a very interesting experience. Full description in Steves' guide book for Amsterdam.

Check out localbus.nl. They have 3 different bus tours, each with 3 stops, for a very nominal fee. You can stay as long as you like at each stop.

Delft and Leiden are wonderful towns to visit as well as the Dutch Capital city, The Hague. You could see them all by train in a day.

“ What I would really like to do is take a day trip on Thursday via train to one or two cities nearby. What would be the best one or two cities to try and see? I would rather have charm than a big city but I am flexible.”

There are dozens of cities in the Netherlands that meet these criteria. Leiden, Haarlem, Hoorn, Enkhuizen, Alkmaar, Bergen, Marken, Volendam, Utrecht, Apeldoorn, Amersfoort, Dordrecht, Breda, ‘s Hertogenbosch etc etc

“ Another thing I would like to find out some info about is if there is a WW2 day trip from AMS that could take our family to various historical sites”

What kind of WW2 historical sites do you wish to see? I ask because Amsterdam alone has enough WW2 sites to keep you busy for many days.
For instance the Resistance Museum https://www.verzetsmuseum.org/en/world-war-ii-in-the-netherlands
Or the museums and memorials in the Jewish Cultural Quarter https://jck.nl/en

@Suki; I understand it can be a bit confusing but even though our government is located in The Hague, Amsterdam is the official capital of the Netherlands.

Thank you all, I did find some information on WW2 tours within Amsterdam which may be a good option. I need to research what cities are feasible to visit in a day without going overboard.
I also looked into a windmill visit.
We are staying at the Hyatt Regency - probably low on charm but with two rooms and using points, it is basically free.

Look in the reviews section for my canal cruise reviews from February.

We did a few day trips, and absolutely loved Delft and Gouda, FWIW.