The Ferrovia vaporetto stop is directly outside the train station, but it has 5 different docks—-A to E from left to right as you see them from the train station steps. You can see them on the map here (you can enlarge it for a better view):
https://www.venice.nu/maps/vaporetto-stops/
Each dock serves a specific vaporetto line and direction. You lowland Line 1 or 2 going towards Rialto. There will be a board showing which dock you want, and it will also be on the schedule and the dock itself. According to this schedule, for Line 1 going to Rialto you want Dock E:
https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/water-bus-venice-line-1.html
Line 2 uses Dock B:
https://www.visit-venice-italy.com/water-bus-venice-line-2.html
But confirm this on site in case those schedules are updated.
You must have a ticket and validate it before you board. The ticket will open the turnstiles to let you into the waiting area on the dock. You can buy tickets from the kiosk to your left as you descent the steps, but there may be a long line there. It is easier to buy your tickets from the machines nearby.
I will repeat, make sure you validate each ticket with the little machine—-watch others doing this so you know what to do. This blog has a good photo of the validation machine:
https://robynmulgrew.wixsite.com/a-blog-about-venice/single-post/2016/03/10/validation-and-vaporetti