We will be flying next week from DC to Bologna, connecting in Munich. My understanding is that we will go through EES in Munich as that is where we enter Europe.
When we fly out of Rome, we will also be connecting in Munich -- will we go through EES in Rome or Munich, where we are actually departing from Europe?
Munich.
Rome to Munich is equivalent to a domestic flight in the US. Like flying from IAD to JFK.
Munich, where you are actually departing from Europe
it isn't about entering or leaving Europe, it is about entering or leaving the Schengen Area. Schengen is only 29 of the approximately 44 countries in Europe. If you are entering or leaving one of the non-Schengen European countries you will not encounter EES.
In your case, both Germany and Italy are part of Schengen so the above advice is spot on. Just clarifying that it is only Schengen countries with EES, not all of Europe.
