Ask any Italian over fifty, what does October 1st mean to you? In good old times, October 1st was the school opening day; in time the date has been advanced and now schools open between September 10th and 15th. But back in the 60s and the 70s it was October 1st. I remember my school openings near Milan; temperature was 10 °C or lower, you would need a coat, often an umbrella; by November intense morning and evening fogs would develop in northern Italy, to the point that we had to learn to count lampposts to walk from home to school (roads were not dangerous and we could walk on our own).
Today, October 1st, 2023, is 26 °C in Milan. This is a clear measurement of climate change, the coat is no more needed, and the immense fog has mostly disappeared. October was an autumn month, now is almost a late summer month.
Why I am writing this? To us, older Italians, when people ask how is the weather in October or November, we have memories of chilly, rainy and foggy months; tourists, that have memories at best of just a few weeks of autumn sightseeing in recent years, will reply that weather in Italy is good enough in October or November. Probably old October weather will not come back again for long periods. But remember that it could always come back for a few days...