Hi there. Your itinerary is very doable by train - I have been to all of those places, some more than once. I trained in 2017 from the Italian Riviera (Cinque Terre) to Nice and eventually to Paris (I stopped in Provence for a few days between Nice and Paris). I would point out that some of these trains will be expensive train tickets if purchased near the last minute - I would try to book them as early as possible online to save money, if you can lock yourself into non-refundable non-changeable tickets. Tickets aren't on sale for the summer yet. Try the Trenitalia website for Italian train tickets (a rival company is called Italo, has trains on some routes). For the French trains, try the SNCF website.
I don't know what you and your daughter are interested in. Would she really have no interest in Florence to the point that you would want to skip it (but you do I know)? Nice is a beach town - if getting our beach time at peak summer season is one of the goals of your trip, you can certainly do it there, but there is so much to see in Italy (and France) that I might suggest curtailing your time there or skipping Nice altogether in favor of more Italian cultural experiences. Of course...it's your trip, you and your daughter know what you want to see and do, so if that's what you both want to do, then of course do it.
Florence makes a convenient base for Siena and other day trips - if you want to stay there the entire four nights, that's fine. Some people hate to change hotels often so they would prefer a base for four nights vs. splitting it up between two cities. Personal preference. Siena is a wonderful city - I only day tripped there, when it was pretty crowded with tourists and have been told it's much more pleasant at night. But there's really no right or wrong answer here.
The Cinque Terre is wonderful, but in July it's going to be like Disneyland on the trails. Unless you and your daughter are avid hikers who aren't going to mind crowds on the trails, personally I'd skip it or at least limit your time there. There is more to the Italian Riviera than the Cinque Terre, though in summer it will probably all be pretty busy.