Electric Italy

No, the device you are using needs to be dual/multi voltage, and most modern ones are.
You will still need a plug adapter to fit the outlet.
I have used the type C adapter I use in other European counties with no issues.
https://store.ricksteves.com/shop/p/european-power-adapter

Just to be clear it's your appliance that needs to support both 120 US and 240 European voltages - not the plugs. The plugs will always be 240V. Nearly all modern small appliances do, but check your device for 120/240V or some similar markings to be sure.

The rest of the answer is not quite as clear. In Italy there are three styles of plugs C (2 prong) / F / L (3 prong) that have all been in use.
https://www.electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk/guidance/advice-for-you/when-travelling/travel-adaptor-for-italy/

The change has to do with grounding and safety and this is the same process American went through for straight two prongs to grounded three and the directional two prong configuration.

On recent trips I have found both in use where it seems part of the house has been converted for modern plugs - for big appliances and irons - but some are still the old C style like bedside plugs. To be safe I carry a few of both the older Type C and newer Type F style converters, but I generally have laptops to worry about and need more specific options. The F type plugs are "sunken" so the adapter tends to "fit into it" and the old type C/L are flat on the wall and work less well with modern things like "wall wart" plugs that put weight on the connection.

In modern places you should be fine the newer European F connectors but in older places you might still find some legacy C style ones.

Hope that helps,
=Tod

Sounds like safest choices are buying both F and L adapters. Thanks for all the good info!

I used these while in Italy, and had no problems
https://store.ricksteves.com/shop/p/european-power-adapter