Except Monterosso which village is the easiest to walk from ferry to center and to train station?
We didn't use the ferry. Maybe Vernazza? Not Corniglia which is a LONG flight of stairs to the top of a cliff. I actually thought Monterosso had more of a walk to city center from the train station than Manarola and Riamaggiore.
I found that all except Corniglia were very easy to transition from ferry to town center to train station.
Regarding Corniglia: the ferries don't stop there as it doesn't have a harbor. Yes, the train station is located below the village but while one can walk up the 382-step, 33-switchback "Lardarina" stairway, a little bus coordinates with arriving trains and you can take that up to the village. There's a small fee OR it's covered by CT Trekking or Treno passes. We took the bus up and the stairway back down. :O)
Corniglia is lovely - was a favorite - but it's TINY.
Editing to add: if uphill and stairs are a problem, Monterosso is going to be your best choice; easy, level walking along the seaside - which includes the train station - and a good share of the (small) town. If you are looking to STAY in a CT town, you'll want to make sure you're on a flat part and that your accommodation doesn't involve a lot of stairs. Our accommodation had an elevator but they're rare.
Vernazza might not be too bad; not much in the center for steep climbs that I recall but it is somewhat uphill to the train station. It can also be very crowded. Ferry access in Riomaggiore and Manarola involves stairs, and the main streets are an uphill slope. But in the cases of all 3, trying to explore them while avoiding stairs and hills is difficult, especially to scenic viewpoints.
bat,
Vernazza would probably be the best choice. The ferry docks at the end of the concrete jetty - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeIwf77nYXY . It only takes a minute or so to walk from there to the centre of town, and only a few more minutes to the station. The train station is very easy to access, although it involves walking up a flight of stairs.