Can USA & Canadians enter Italy by Land from EU?

I cannot speak to the entry by land requirements but the special Covid-tested fight requirement disappeared last summer when the EU re-opened to vaccinated Americans. Italy currently requires Americans and Canadians to be fully vaccinated, and take a Covid test 72 hours before entry (not absolutely certain whether Canadians need the test).

There is currently no way for Americans to get the digital "Green Pass" in Italy, but the Italians are accepting the US CDC card in lieu of. The Italians are requiring proof of vaccination for just about anything indoors-- museums, dining, shopping, etc., even on-site work for everyone.

If entering from France, you could get the "Pass Sanitaire" in France from a participating French pharmacy, it should be good in Italy as they are the same EU-wide format.

Here are the rules for entering Italy, from the official government website (which they kindly provide in English as well as in Italian).

United States is a “D” list country; I didn’t look to see what Canada is, but it is listed on the page as well. Follow the rules for the category of country you come from or IN WHICH YOU HAVE BEEN IN ANY OF THE 14 DAYS PRIOR TO YOUR ENTRY TO ITALY.

I. E. Even if you enter Italy from France, if you arrived in France from the United States fewer than 14 days before you are entering Italy, you must comply with the rules as if you are coming from the U.S.

https://www.salute.gov.it/portale/nuovocoronavirus/dettaglioContenutiNuovoCoronavirus.jsp?lingua=english&id=5412&area=nuovoCoronavirus&menu=vuoto

As for this :

I read IATA rules some time ago,vthevUSA and Canadians can enter Italy...but only by AIR ...special Covid flights from USA/ Canada.

Those special Covid flights stopped being reality months ago.

Use this tool
https://infocovid.viaggiaresicuri.it/index_en.html

I took a bus from chamonix to aosta last month. I needed a CDC card (or EU covid QR code) to board the bus, but that was it.

@everyone, thanks.

If traveler from List D or E has the time, then could route the trip to reduce: the entry documents, cost, etc

Example if wanting to go to Italy: go to less-requirement List C country(ies) for 14+ days, then Italy

Note some countries' entry rules are based just on traveler's citizenship/official residency docs (not where they've been past 14 days)

So if you stay in - say - France for 14 days, you'll be able to avoid the simple anti-gen test for entering Italy. That really doesn't make much sense.

If you read IATA "rules" some time ago, then you need to read them again. They change constantly. Covid vaccine only flights ended months ago.

By the way, IATA does not make rules. It's an international airlines trade organization.