acraven is right, there is no one "standard" time or times. So if it's important to you, e-mail the place to ask. If you want to eat earlier than their regular breakfast, some places will be able to do coffee and a roll or cold cereal early, and some will not - again, you have to ask.
If you are leaving early and there will not be any breakfast at your pension, you can get breakfast at the station or nearby.
As for the trains, Sam is right on target. If you don't mind paying full price, and/or you need full flexibility, you can wait until you get there. if you know your plans and want to save money, book now; just realize the Super Economy tickets are not refundable or changeable for any reason, and you can change the Economy tickets one time, but must pay any difference (so you won't lose money as long as you're taking another train instead).
Of course, you can do a mixture. For my upcoming trip to the UK I booked two trains ahead (the ones I knew for sure I'd be taking) and saved a lot. Others I'm not sure of, so I'll wait until I'm there.