I was recently in Italy and could use my debit card to withdraw money from an ATM, but I could not use it to make purchases. I was somewhat surprised about that as this was my sixth trip to Italy and the first time I could not use my debit card to make purchases. My husband, who banks with a different bank, couldn't use his card for purchases either.
When I returned, I contacted my bank about the problem and was informed that due to the high level of fraud they have experienced with transactions in Italy the bank now blocks debit transactions from Italy.
If you are planning on using a debit card for purchases in Italy, it might be a good idea to check with your bank to see if your debit card will work in Italy.