7 hours in Florence

I’d probably be museumed out after those 3!

Bargello was one of our favorites and not too big or crowded
You don’t mention Santa Croce but I’d put that high on list
Pitti Palace will take more than an hour

I’d try to leave time to just wander, maybe visit Mercato Centrale, etc

If you have tickets to the duomo museum, you also have access to the baptistry. Don't miss it!
The Pitti Palace is out of the question: it's too vast (!!!!) and on the other side of the river.
I wasn't a fan of the Medici Chapels: opulence at its most gaudy. At least the Chapel of Princes was WAY over the top.

Be sure and see Loggia dei Lanzi (Piazza della Signoria) while in the vicinity of the Uffizi.

https://www.visitflorence.com/florence-monuments/piazza-della-signoria.html

I might suggest Museo San Marco as it's close to the Accademia and isn't huge but very, very nice. We really liked that one. The open days/hours are a little wonky, though.

https://www.visitflorence.com/florence-museums/san-marco.html

To be honest? Other than maybe the baptistry and Loggia Dei Lanzi, seriously doubt that you have time for any more than what you have unless moving at a dead run. 🏃🏻‍♂️

Cross a bridge to the other side of the Arno and wander. If i had to choose from the above I’d go with the Medici Chapel.

As much as I love the museums in Florence, 3 would be enough. I am a big fan of Museo San Marco because its so peaceful and is a rare opportunity to see the art in its original location.

Just for fun I plugged your itinerary into Google maps, assuming you start at the Duomo, walk to the Uffizi & maybe the Bargello museum before going on to the Academia which is nearer the train station. This is about 50 min of walking.
OK, I'm going to say it, perhaps less might be best. For example, there's an amazing open air sculpture gallery just across from the Duomo & stopping to look at the Baptistry doors is totally worth it.

Remember that there is no law that you have to see everything or even a quarter of what’s in the Uffizi. I second seeing the inside of the Baptistery (and skip the inside of the Duomo if you were thinking of including it). No Pitti! I also second the Bargello, so that doesn’t help you much. But again, stop and look at sculptures you like, run past the others. And return to Florence to see more!

...there's an amazing open air sculpture gallery just across from the
Duomo

Hmmm. I don't remember that. Are you sure you didn't mean Loggia dei Lanzi, which I'd linked info to above? If so, it's very near the Uffizi and not the cathedral.

Or just wander the market for an hour or two

Apologies, I did mean the Loggia dei Lanzi, guess we were wandering between the Duomo & Ponte Vecchio when we visited & recalled it being closer to the Duomo. Thanks for the correction Kathy!

The first time I was in Florence was for a day trip. I didn't go to any museums. We just wandered around the city soaking in the atmosphere. We'd done very little planning for Florence (or really any other areas we visited other than Cinque Terre, and even that, not so much), so it really was just a lot of walking, shopping, gelato eating and people watching. We loved it so much that we adjusted our plans to go back again a few days later.

Since then I've been back to Florence and did visit some museums, and I'm going back again in a few months to see the holiday lights. I might try to get a ticket to Uffizi, and I'll definitely climb the Duomo again, but I'm mostly looking forward to just wandering and enjoying the atmosphere again. If you know you'll be coming back for a longer visit, why not just enjoy the city for the day? Obviously everyone has their own interests, but if it were me and I only had 7 hours, I wouldn't spend any of that time in museums.

Whatever you decide to do, I hope you have a wonderful time!

If you just hit the highlights in the Uffizi (easier said than done) I think you’ll be ok, it’s the one place I fear will eat time and sap your energy.

The Medici Chapel would be a real good add-on. It only takes a few minutes to see, but is spectacular. This is also towards Accademia and notably, Mercato Centrale which is a great taste of Florence in itself. You’ll also get hungry at some point!

I also recommend Santa Maria Novella. It’s right by the train station, if you may find yourself with 30min to spend. It doesn’t seem to rank along most peoples top sights, but it’s packed with excellent and important artwork.

Thanks for the correction Kathy!

Nooooo, no "correction"! I don't trust my own wonky memory these days so thought I'd better check! 🤔