Wuerzburg Train Station ?

First off, I assume you're talking about Wurzburg (not Wurtzburg)?

I can't comment on #1 or #2, but I will say that it's probably 1/3 or 1/2
mile from the Bahnhof to the Altstadt, and the Residenz (which is probably
the main reason to stop in Wurzburg) makes it kind of a triangular route.
The Residenz website says it's a 20 minute walk from the Bahnhof.

I would offer an alternate suggestion:

• pick up the car, load in the luggage, and drive to the Residenz. Park your car there, there is a parking lot right out front.
• tour the Residenz, stop at a grocery store on the way out of town and get nourishment, and continue on your way.
  

Go to www.bahnhof.de to see what the train stations have for lockers.

They ask you for the name of the train station. It's Würzburg, no 't', but the Bahn's ignorance algorithm will probably suggest the right spelling. I suspect it will accept Wurzburg or Wuerzburg.

The lockers are shown under Schließfächer. There is one size, 35x45x85 cm. That's 133 liters, big enough for at least 3 regulation carry-on bags, morw if they are soft. 6€ for 24 hours.

Look under Karte for the map (or use Google Maps). There are a lot of trams on a circular loading track right in front of the station plus bus stalls, mostly to the right when you come out.

I can't tell you right off which trams will take you downtown. It might be shown on the front of the tram, but it will be in German. I think most of the trams from the station do go to what I would call downtown.

I think the place most people want to see is the residenz. No trams goes all the way there, but it's a short walk from the tram stops in town.

1. https://www.bahnhof.de/en/wuerzburg-hbf/locker

Most buses leaving the main station heading east stop at Residenzplatz after 5 minutes (#471, 491, 511, 555, etc.). You can find details on the Mainfranken Transport Association website s.v. "Fahrplanauskunft". Your starting point is “Hauptbahnhof, Würzburg,” and your destination is “Residenzplatz, Würzburg” .

If the teenager can walk 500 meters, I would suggest going to the cathedral after visiting the Residenz (head straight south from the Residenz along Hofstraße) and from there to the Old Main Bridge, which offers a beautiful view of the castle and back toward the city. From there, you can take tram lines 1, 4, or 5 back to the main station (6 min.)

Technically, Marienberg is a Festung (fortress), not a Burg (castle).

Würzburg doesn't need a 't' because the German 'z' is pronounce with a 't', as 'ts', hence Wuertsbourk (the 'k' is another issue, called "Entvokalisierung im Wortauslaut"). And, Zug is pronouncek like tsŭk. Then German 's' is pronounced like our 'z'.

But, then, 'Jetzt' (now) shouldn't need the first 't' either.

Typically, SHORT vowel sounds followed by the "ts" sound get the "tz" spelling instead of just "z" as in jetzt, setzen, hitzen, platzen, kotzen, etc. In the case of Würzburg, the vocalic r, and the preceding ü, create a sound sequence that is no longer a short vowel - at least that's what I suspect might be going on... Could well be that the spelling of place names has much more tradition behind it, so there's more than just pure modern German phonology to consider.

Yes- I know I speak German. I always make the mistake on this spelling!

The area around the Hauptbahnhof is flat, and that continues into the old town. The busses and street cars all have loading platforms right out front of the station. It is a short walk into the old town, maybe 10 minutes depending on how fast you walk. The biggest difficulty I can foresee for someone with a bad leg is the cobblestones make for uneven footing. But don't try and walk up to the fortress, it's a long steep climb. The local bus will take you right to the main gate.

The Rezidence is excellent. The fortress was still undergoing a major reconstruction last year when I was there last.

The Sixt counter is inside the station, and that's all on one level. I can't speak as to the lockers, because I've never had need for them.

Technically, Marienberg is a Festung (fortress), not a Burg (castle).

Yes, that has been the official name of the Bavarian administration since the annexation fo Würzburg in 1814. But locally, the building is known as Marienburg (as opposed to Marienberg, the hill on which it stands), and in all the years I've lived in Würzburg, no one has ever referred to it as anything other than “die Burg.” So I hope you don’t mind that I’ve uncritically adopted the locals’ bad linguistic habits.

By the way: The “fortress” did not impress Napoleon in the least in 1806, unlike the Residenz, which he described as a “superb parsonage.”

Could well be that the spelling of place names has much more tradition behind it, so there's more than just pure modern German phonology to consider.

Exactly. W. Reitzenstein’s Fränkisches Ortsnamenbuch (Lexicon of Franconian Place Names) lists more than 20 historical spellings, including Virteburch (741) and Wirzaburch (ca. 900), where the shift from t to z [ts] reflects the so-called Second Old High German Sound Shift (cf.. two vs. zwei); later, the [ts] is rendered either as tz (Wuertzburg, 1494) or simply z. The modern variant “Würzburg” dates back to the "Royal Bavarian Decree on Spelling" of 1825, which mandated the standardization of place names but was in no way influenced by phonological considerations.

Get your car then put the GPS on to the Residenz. Your only 3-4 minutes from the Residenz from the train station. There is a large parking lot in front of the Residenz which costs about 3 euro, machine in the parking lot. You are 100 yards from the entrance. Once you get there this will all be very clear. You say you speak German so just ask. There is a restaurant off the parking lot, but I heard that it was closing so do check. Sadly, there isn't one close by. If your daughter is ok with walking 3 block that would be the closest one. You will fine two nice restaurants the Trattoria and the Lutherstuben. We like Italian so we do pizza at Trattoria. If your looking for German food do the Lutherstuben. You are also right behind the Cathedral.