Ulm, Schwäbisch Hall, and Ludwigsburg are all on my list of places to visit, so I can't help you there :) But they are on my list for climbing the Ulm Munster, Schwäbisch Hall for the Fachwerk (Half Timbered Houses), and Ludwigsburg for some genealogy.
Places that we have enjoyed in the area are:
Stuttgart - Mercedes Museum is here. It is one of the best museums I have been to, I am not a huge car fan. Very well done and the cars there wow oh wow. I wish they would have fit in my suitcase. Porsche also has a museum there as well.
Böblingen - has another car place that my dad and hubby were like little kids in a candy shop. It is called Motor World. It took us a bit of looking to find. It is on an old air field.
Dinkelsbühl - a brightly colored walled city. Not a lot to do here, but we loved walking the loop around the inside of the wall city and finding the hidden gardens through the wall. We also found it interesting to see a speed limit for tanks to go through the gates in the wall.
Nördlingen - a city that is almost a perfect circle. It was built in a meteor crater. You can climb to the top of the church there as well as walk the wall.
Aalen - had a really cool Roman Lime Museum. It is in German, but they have an English Audio tour. You can also walk around in the remains of the Roman Barracks.
Giengen - if you have kids or are a kid at heart, we stopped here for the Steiff (German Stuffed Animals) Museum and gift shop.