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I have never encountered a limit, because these days I mostly use my credit card. I usually carry about 200 euros for emergencies and tips for outstanding tour guides. It usually works out to be one ATM visit a trip. But there was the time when the cab's credit card machine was down and cash was a lifesaver so having a small fund may be considered essential. Even the Germans who used to routinely carry hundreds in cash have cut back dramatically.

I believe it depends on your bank, perhaps on the bank of the ATM, as well.

I can't speak to Germany, but We've needed cash for BnBs in Italy. We stayed in Venice, five nights so that was a chunk of cash. My recollection is that we did a couple withdrawals a day apart.

I believe it depends on your bank, perhaps on the bank of the ATM, as well.

Yes correct. In Germany, the maximum daily limit is usually €500 (for non-customers and regardless of your own card limit).
Note that there are also limits of €200 per ATM (in many cases) to prevent these machines from emptying too quickly.

I often stay at mom-and-pop hotels and pensions that offer a cash discount, so I often hit ATMs in Europe. My self-imposed limits with my bank (it lets me choose!) are $500 per withdrawal and $1000 per day. I don't recall ever not being able to withdrawal $500 (400-450 euro, depending on exchange rate) from an ATM in Europe, and I know I did so in Berlin 2 months ago.

I’ve always run into a $500 daily limit. The small places I stay at for up to a week at a time have occasionally required 2 withdrawals, done either a day apart or using 2 different bank accounts.