I disagree about lockers in Füssen. I know there were lockers there in 2009, because I took a picture of them. They are right off the end of the tracks on the station side. And I used one in 2013.
The Stationsdatenbank of the Bayern Takt website has station plans for all over Bavaria, so you can use it for Nürnberg, Rothenburg, München, and Fuessen (note: except for Füssen, correct German spelling is required - no 'ue'. [See footnote.] Or you can find the station on the map). The plan for Füssen indicates that they have lockers (Schließfächer) at the station.
Use the Bahn stationplan link from above for Berlin, Dresden, and, maybe, Potsdam.
I asked at the TI office in Hohenschwangau (opposite the bus stop), and they said you could leave your luggage there, behind the desk. I'd rather use a locket at the station, if possible.
Footnote: If you have a PC, you can insert a ü by holding down the key and typing 252 on the numeric keypad. If you have a fruit computer, sorry.