can I apply for Schengen visa in this situation

Way too complicated for this forum. I assume you are a Foreign National from somewhere, here in the US on a Visa, wanting to go someplace else within the Schengen Zone...so lots of info missing.

Please realize that the "Schengen Zone" does not issue Visas, individual Countries issue Visas, they then determine the extent to which you are allowed to travel within the Schengen Zone.

I would determine the Country you will be entering and spending most of your time in, then contact that Embassy with questions on how to proceed and whether you can apply from the US.

Contact your University Registar immediately for US Requirements. You do not have automatic in and out rights to the US. You will need extensive current aka NEW documentation; financial and from your university as to your student status to get back into the US after your EU visit.

Your entry into Europe (Schengen Zone) will be controlled by your passport- your US visa status means nothing. Does the EU require visas from your home country for entry. If so, then yes you must follow the same rules. You may (?) also be required to apply from your home country- check with the embassy of the main EU country you will be visiting as to specific application requirements.

What nationality are you? That is what matters, not where you happen to be living at the moment.
If you need a visa to visit the Schengen countries, you must apply to the embassy or consulate of whichever Schengen country you plan to spend most time in. That visa is then valid (normally for 90 days), for all the Schengen countries.

AFAIK there is no problem applying in the country you actually live in, that would be the normal procedure.

Thank you for your responses. It is true that I am a foreign student and I want to visit Germany this winter holiday. I do have relative and friend who are living and working in Germany. Thus, I intend to apply Schengen visa with the purpose of visiting family or friends. However, in some instruction that I read, it said that I need to apply from my home country. So is it possible for me to apply from the US when I am not a US citizen. thank you.

The trouble with asking this question on this site is that all you will get is personal opinion. And in most cases you know what that is worth. In my opinion the requirement to apply from your home country simply means that you have to apply before your arrival in Germany. So start the process and see what happens. Second contact your closest consulate for guidance. That is their job.

For accurate information you should contact the German Embassy or nearest consular office. That is the only place you will get a definitive answer. As a PP mentioned you should also contact your school's registrar to insure that your F1 visa will allow you to leave the US and reenter.

You still haven't told us what NATIONALITY you are. That is the vital piece of information.

Andy yes, if you are travelling primarily to Germany, you need to apply to the nearest German embassy or consulate to where you live.

Here is a list of countries from which you either need a Schengen Visa or can enter for a short stay (90 days in any 180 day period) without a Schengen Visa.

And here are instructions for applying for a visa to visit family or friends in one of the Schengen countries.