The only train you need to book in advance (to get a good price) is Paris to Nancy TGV.
Now you can take a straight route from Nancy to Ghent using TER and IC that are unreserved and no real advantage to buying ahead. You go Nancy to Luxembourg to Liege to Ghent. That takes about 6 1/2 hours.
The other way, faster, is to take a TGV back to Paris, change stations from Est to Nord (about a half mile walk) and then a Thalys to Brussels then IC train to Ghent. That takes about 4 1/2 hours and would have to be booked in advance to get a decent price.
Ghent to Brugge is just an IC train you buy when you want to go.
Brugge to Amsterdam can be done with an IC train to Brussels then the Thalys to Amsterdam. That will be the fastest, but again, buy in advance to get a good price. Otherwise, IC train to Ghent to Antwerp to Amsterdam you can buy when you want to travel. It takes about 1 more hour than using the Thalys.