Is the outbound passport control at CDG long? (Terminal 1)

You run a huge risk here. You should be in line to check in for your Canadian flight 3 hours before the flight; sometimes you need this much time. We have in fact barely squeaked with that much time; other times we have sailed through quickly. But it is madness to do a non-connection connection in 2.5 hours. It isn't enough time if you were coming from Paris. And baggage claim can be notoriously slow at CDG.

You only make this if everything goes optimally. What if your plane from Barcelona is cancelled? or is half an hour late or more -- this has happened to us many times in travel. They have no obligation to get you there in time for your plane. We took about 45 minutes for passport control at CDG this spring on our way back to the US. Before that we had to check in and drop bags but that was fast.

You might make it. You very likely could not. Travel insurance doesn't cover this sort of fail. Always be in the town of departure the night before a high stakes flight. Since you have non-refundable tickets, you could roll the dice. And then buy walk up tickets -- or see if you could change the Barcelona flight to the evening before; often non-refundable tickets are still applicable with fee to another flight. If it were me I would rebook the Barcelona flight.

On your question #3 there is indeed outbound Schengen immigration checks that you need to go through when leaving France for a flight to Canada. I've never flown out of Terminal 1 so have no experience on wait time, but the procedure in terminal 2E is exit passport control before security.

We were flying out of CDG a month ago, and our airline had some late arrivals. We ended up with four jumbo jets' passengers hitting the same line at once. And all were going out to the same departing pod at the same time--where the passports were checked for entry. The lines were enormous, and the temperature was quite uncomfortable.
Remind me to fly to and from other airports in the future other than CDG.

Yes to questions 1 and 2.
Yes, passport exit. Yes, the line can be long.

You will miss this flight. Even if you are checked in one hour before take off when the computers automatically shut you out, you won’t make it through the rest of the hurdles. Boarding begins an hour before. As Janet wrote, you need to fly in the evening before and begin the check in process at 11:20 for a 14:20 flight at CDG.

Thank you so much for the guidance. We will cancel this one and book another airline that departs a few hours earlier. 5 hours should be enough time...

Since the flight is non-refundable with EasyJet, any reason I should just hold onto this reservation 'just in case'? or I should just cancel it.

Just to throw something out there, what about flying into CDG the night before and stay at or near the airport? Could be a lot less stressful.

We had a very difficult time at CDG last year. We were directed to the wrong terminal and with a 3.5 layover, we reached our gate as it was boarding. We are not clear what went wrong, but I know we went where they directed us to go, after they looked at our tickets. Finding our way back was difficult as no one would provide us with clear directions. We were required to go thru security, so somehow we stepped outside "in transit" or they no longer allow "in transit" people . We are seasoned travelers and will avoid CDG airport whenever possible.