In the past (elsewhere in Europe) I asked someone at my hotel or the tourist office with good English-language skills where a tourist should go for medical help. I was given accurate information.
More recently (in France) I went to a pharmacy. There's usually a pharmacist on duty who speaks English rather well, though you may need to wait a few minute until he or she is free. I think this is the best course of action in non-emergency situations. The pharmacist may have information about local doctors or clinics where you have a good chance of being able to communicate in English. In at least some European countries, pharmacists are accustomed to performing a sort of triage, so you may avoid needing to see a doctor if you pharmacist judges that the ailment is minor and can dispense something suitable (if needed) without a doctor's authorization.