I 'd appreciate help in understanding borders of the Carnet zone,
There is no such thing as a carnet zone. Nor is there a ticket called a carnet. A carnet is any 10 tickets of any type be they tickets t+ or tickets origine-destination. The idea of purchasing a group of tickets is to save money with bulk purchasing. If you are using the English language kiosk screens, you will never see the word carnet.
Tickets come in two varieties: ticket t+ or ticket origine-destination (this second group is for RER travel). Origine-destination tickets are sold point-to-point. The ticket t+ is good for travel on the métro, bus, tramway, or funicular. There are special ticketing rules for night and airport buses.
If you take the métro to la Défense (or if you take the métro anywhere), you use one ticket t+ (unless of course you have an appropriate pass). If you take the RER A from la Défense, you specify the end point and pay accordingly. Note: Paris itself is an endpoint.
For example, traveling from Gare de Lyon to la Défense, you may take either the RER A using a ticket origine-destination costing 2.80€ or you may take métro 1 using a ticket t+ costing 1.90€.