Hello. I’m guessing there are not any half or one day cruises down a river in France, in particular looking at the burgundy region. I have not found anything but I thought maybe I’m not searching well enough. Interested to ask further just in case I missed something. Look forward to any response if you have knowledge of half or one day cruises. Thank you so much!
Generally, piloted cruises are available by the week. You can rent a self-piloted vessel that doesn't require a permit from several vendors. Again, this is generally by the week but I've seen some by the day. I don't recall seeing any for the half day. Occasionally, you can pay extra for a pilot or "skipper," but generally they're for the renter to pilot. These typically go along canals and locks in various locations -- these are old canals built for transport of industrial and agricultural goods but are now used for pleasure boats.
A couple of places to start would be Les Canalous, which has several locations in Bourgogne, and Nautal.
Keep in mind that a barge is a peniche and a small barge is a penichette.
Edited to add this link for Bateau Bresse that appears to offer some shorter cruises on the Saône River usually with meals.